Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. It’s an important concern: Being very overweight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts （内脏）when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight?
Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts.
You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While it’s true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These “good” bacteria live in your guts, where they process the food you eat.
Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby’s body. Growing babies get additional “good” bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later.
So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still haven’t tested that question, but future tests might lead to an answer.
1.The “link” in Paragraph 2 refers to the relationship between _______.
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A．bacteria and the chance of being overweight |
B．obesity and diabetes |
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C．diets and the chance of being overweight |
D．bacteria and exercise |
2.Which of the following is NOT the function of “good” bacteria?
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A．Helping to digest food. |
B．Helping to take nutrients from food. |
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C．Helping to regulate weight. |
D．Making a person ill. |
3.The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.
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A．introduce the role of bacteria in children’s weight |
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B．analyze the influence of obesity on kids |
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C．give advice on how to lose weight quickly |
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D．explain the function of bacteria in foods |
Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of areas for burying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But is also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.
1.What does the underlined phrase “over-consumption” refer to?
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A．Using too much packaging. |
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B．Recycling too many wastes. |
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C．Making more products than necessary. |
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D．Having more material than is needed. |
2.The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _______.
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A．the tendency of cutting household waste |
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B．the increase of packaging recycling |
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C．the rapid growth of super markets |
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D．the fact of packaging overuse |
3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
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A．Unpackaged products are of bad quality. |
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B．Supermarkets care more about packaging. |
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C．It is improper to judge quality by packaging. |
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D．Other products are better packaged than food. |
4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
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A．Fighting wastefulness is difficult. |
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B．Needless material is mostly recycled. |
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C．People like collecting recyclable waste. |
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D．The author is proud of their consumer culture. |
There are over one million superstitions(迷信), and most people believe at least one or two of them.
Many people are superstitious about numbers. They think that there are lucky numbers and unlucky numbers.
The number 13 is often considered unlucky. In some parts of the world, buildings have no 13th floor and streets have no houses with the number 13. In Japan, "4" is considered unlucky because in Japanese the word "four" is pronounced the same as the word "death" .
Japanese never give gifts of four knives, four napkins, or four of anything.
What are the lucky numbers? Seven is a lucky number in many places, and "8" is considered a lucky number in Japan and China. In China, businesses often open on August 8, and many couples register to get married at eight past eight on August 8.
Superstitions about numbers are so widespread that some people--called numerologist--make a living by giving advice about numbers.
In 1937, when the Toyoda family of Japan wanted to form a car company, they asked a numerologist if "Toyoda" would be a good name for the company. The numerologist said it would not be. He explained that "Toyota" would be a better name for the company. The family took his advice. As a result, millions of people drive "Toyota" and not "Toyoda" .
There are many other kinds of superstitions. There are superstitions about eating, sleeping, sneezing and itching(抓痒). There are superstitions about animals and holidays and horseshoes.
There are even superstitions about superstitions. Those superstitions will tell people how to reverse bad luck.
When the Japanese bump heads, they immediately bump heads again. According to a Japanese superstition, the first-bump means their parents will die, but the second bump "erases" the first bump
To reverse bad luck in general, people turn around three times, turn their pockets inside out, or put their hats on backwards.
In the United States, baseball players sometimes wear their caps backwards when their team is losing. It looks silly, but the baseball players do not mind if it helps them win the game.
1.It can be inferred that superstitions about numbers are .
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A．popular neither in Japan nor in China |
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B．popular only in Japan and in China |
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C．popular both in Japan and in China |
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D．causing great troubles both in Japan and in China |
2.The underlined word "reverse" means .
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A．change to bad luck |
B．cause to go in the opposite direction |
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C．change for the worse |
D．exchange |
3.If a Japanese purposely bumps his head again after an accidental bump, we can be sure that .
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A．he is mad |
B．he is happy |
C．he is superstitious |
D．he is very sad |
4.The writer wrote this passage with the purpose of .
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A．persuading us to believe superstitions |
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B．showing us some facts of superstitions |
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C．showing us the magic power of number |
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D．showing us a numerologist |
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.
Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
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A．Food when poisoned can make people sick. |
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B．Food poisoning means death. |
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C．Food poisoning comes in varieties. |
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D．Food poisoning can be serious. |
2. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning .
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A．are always accompanied by a fever |
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B．are too common to be noted |
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C．can be noticed within hours |
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D．can be ignored |
3.Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT .
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A．some chemicals |
B．low temperatures |
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C．some tiny living things |
D．certain natural materials |
4.It can be inferred from the passage that
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A．natural materials are safe in food processing |
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B．chemicals are needed in food processing |
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C．food poisoning can be kept under control |
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D．food poisoning is out of control |
完型填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A friend in need
Brownie and Spotty were neighbor dogs who met every day to play together. Like pairs of dogs you 36 find in any neighborhood, these two 37 each other and played together so often that they had worn a path through the grass of the field between their own houses.
One evening, Brownie's family 38 that Brownie hadn't returned home. They went looking for him with no 39 Brownie didn't appear the next day, and despite(尽管)their 40 to find him, by the next week he was still missing. Curiously, Spotty 41 at Brownie's house alone, barking. Busy with their own lives, Brownie's family just ignored the 42 little neighbor dog. Finally, one morning Spotty 43 to take “no” for an answer any longer. He followed Ted about, barking strongly, then running towards a nearby wood, as if to say," 44 me! It’s urgent!”
Then Ted followed the anxious Spotty. The little dog led the man to a 45 spot a half mile from the house. There Ted found his beloved Brownie 46 but one of his hind legs stuck in a steel leg-hold trap. Horrified, Ted now wished he'd taken Spotty's earlier requirement 47 Then Ted noticed something quite remarkable. Spotty had done more than simply 48 Brownie's owner to his trapped friend. In a circle around the 49 dog, Ted found some dog food, which was later 50 as the remains of every meal Spotty had been fed that 51 !Spotty had been visiting Brownie 52 in a single-minded quest to keep his friend alive by offering his own comfort. Spotty had obviously 53 with Brownie to protect him from being hurt, snuggling(依偎)with him at night to keep him warm and touching him gently with its nose to keep his 54 up. Brownie's leg was treated by a veterinarian and he recovered. For many years afterward, the two 55 watched the faithful friends frolicking(嬉戏)and chasing each other down that well worn path between their houses.
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Coral(珊瑚) is not a plant but a variety of animal life ________ and bright colors.
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A．in different shapes |
B．in a different shape |
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C．of different shapes |
D．of a different shape |
