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第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic （流行病）of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7. 5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okey because they can get by on 6. 5 hours, when they really need 7. 5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. ”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5. 5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8. 5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition. ”
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiting them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate. ”
41. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit.
B. The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C. The history of people’s sleeping patterns.
D. The minimum of our sleeping hours.
42. Which of the following is Dr. David’s opinion?
A. People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't.
B. Some people can remain energetic with only 6. 5 hours’ sleep a night.
C. If they get 8. 5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition.
D. People’s metal power suffers if they are lacking in sleep.
43. People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9. 5 hours a night because _______.
A. they were forced by their parents to do so
B. they knew what was best for their health
C. they had no electricity
D. they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
44. What does the word “subjects” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Persons or things being discussed or described.
B. Branches of knowledge studied in a school.
C. Persons or things being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D. Any member of a state apart from the the supreme ruler.
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第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。
That's the term being 21 to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging （依附）to smokers' hair and 22 , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining 23 heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in, 24 if they're crawling or playing on the floor。
Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to 25 these chemicals in a new study that 26 on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the 27 issue of the journal Pediatrics。
"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, 28 they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。
"When their kids are 29 the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and 30 , and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their 31 . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't 32 ."
The study reported on 33 toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were 34 that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers 35 with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can 36 the health of infants and children"。
But 37 fewer of those surveyed were aware of the 38 of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room 39 where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。
Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that 40 , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke.
21.A told B discussed C used D mentioned
22. A shoes B clothing C body D mouth
23. A includes B covers C finds D improves
24. A especially B specially C immediately D regularly
25. A name B call C explain D describe
26. A focused B tended C tried D worked
27. A later B latest C best D previous
28. A but B and C however D or
29. A alongside B out of C in D beside
30. A cough B talk C observe D smoke
31. A cars B seats C kids D windows
32. A visible B invisible C poisonous D concrete
33. A policies B attitudes C bans D habits
34. A told B content C confident D aware
35. A opposed B agreed C fought D connected
36. A harm B destroy C improve D confuse
37. A quite B very C far D too
38. A chances B risks C abilities D conditions
39. A tomorrow B today C yesterday D weekend
40. A statement B mark C discussion D prejudice
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---------I reminded you not to forget the appointment with the house agent.
---------- _____ ,but I was caught in a traffic jam.
A So you did B So I did C So did you D So did I
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.Jay Chou,a young singer,is quite popular ______the public.
He’s made a remarkable achievement ______a boy of his age.
A with ,to B to ,for C with ,for D for ,to
.
.Experience will_______if you are active in doing the field work frequently.
A attain B accumulate C collect D advance
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______I’ll be away on business .who do you advise _____the child at home?
_____How about your mother?
A attend B to attend C attending D attended
