Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society. Researchers in the United States studied one hundred thousand women during an eight-year period, beginning in nineteen ninety-four. All of the women were fifty years of age or older. The study was part of the Women’s Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health.
The women were asked questions that measured their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers identified each woman’s personality eight years after gathering the information.
The study found that hopeful individuals were fourteen percent less likely than other women to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also thirty percent less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years.
Hilary Tindle from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life.
The researchers also gathered information about people’s education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period.
Some women who answered the questions were found to be cynically hostile, or highly untrusting of others. These women were sixteen percent more likely to die than the others. They also were twenty-three percent more likely to die of cancer.
The study also found that women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely not to exercise.
Professor Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person’s physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research.
1. What’s the purpose of carrying out the study?
A. To gather information for the National Institutes of Health.
B. To find out the relationship between women’s personality and their health.
C. To decide who is more likely to enjoy happier life.
D. To identify each woman’s personality 8 years after gathering the information.
2. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. It’s uncertain whether optimism affects a person’s physical health.
B. Negative emotions do cause shorter life.
C. The connection between personality and health has been established.
D. The more optimistic you are, the longer life you may enjoy.
3. According to the passage, who is more likely to die of cancer?
A. A woman who has high blood pressure or diabetes.
B. A woman who doesn’t exercise.
C. A woman who has poor physical health.
D. A woman who always doubts what others say.
4. Which of the following is true?
A. American Psychosomatic Society organized the new study.
B. Women who were optimistic were less likely to smoke.
C. More questions were given than those measuring women’s beliefs or ideas.
D. Hopeful women were 16% less likely to die from heart disease.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
Most American colleges
and universities take a spring break. Students might go home to their families
-- or spend a week partying on a warm beach with no parents around. That is the
popular image, at least.
In the United States, the lawful age to drink alcohol is twenty-one -- one of the highest in the world. Americans debate whether it should be lowered, or whether young drinkers would only drink more. In parts of Europe, the lawful drinking age for beer, and sometimes hard liquor, is sixteen. Yet France may raise the age limit for beer and wine sales to eighteen, the same as for hard liquor there.
Rules on alcohol differ from college to college in the United States. Many schools require all first-year students to take an alcohol prevention and education program, often given online. Some have a “zero tolerance” policy where alcohol is banned from all buildings. Parents are informed of violations and students may be suspended(停学).
At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, permission is needed to serve alcohol at any event on campus. But alcohol is banned in first-year dorms---where most students are under twenty-one anyway.
Susan Davis, a
university lawyer, says campus police and local police report underage drinking
violations(违反)to the committee that decides punishments on a
case by case basis. For example, the committee might suspend or expel(开除)a
student. It might require an alcohol education program. Or it might just give a
warning.
Jon Zug is a lawyer in Albemarle County, where the university is located. He says international students would face the same punishment as American citizens for underage drinking in Virginia. That includes a punishment of five hundred dollars or fifty hours of community service. But first law-breakers might be given a chance to complete an alcohol education program instead.
Schools have to report unlawful violations by international students to the Department of Homeland Security. International adviser Richard Tanson at the University of Virginia says even minor violations stay on a student’s permanent immigration record. He says international students should know that this can affect them in the future if they try to re-enter the United States.
1. What does the underlined phrase “by case basis” mean?
A. Depending on the seriousness of the case itself.
B. According to the report of the campus and local police.
C. Depending on the judgment of the committee.
D. According to the former cases in store.
2. To international students, which of the following may be intolerable once they have drinking violations?
A. A punishment of $500 or 50 hours of community service.
B. Being given a warning of being suspended or expelled.
C. Having the violations kept on their permanent immigration record.
D. Receiving an alcohol education program.
3. The passage probably appears in_________.
A. an advertisement B. a local newspaper
C. a university guide book D. a popular magazine
4. The passage mainly talks about_________.
A. alcohol problems on the U.S. campus
B. alcohol policy on U.S. campus
C. U.S. universities---zero tolerance to alcohol
D. the punishment to the university alcohol drinkers
第二节：完型填空 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21--40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出能填入空格中的最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish（区别）each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems____21___.
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated(孕育) by ___22___. In China, the mother river is the Yellow River___23___ the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were ___24___ for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture___25___ went overseas to Japan, ___26___ into the Japanese society and ___27___ the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it ___28___ to the same system.
When the two mother
rivers gave ___29___ to the eastern culture, another famous culture was brought
up on the Mesopotamian Plain--- the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization
later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
And these two are well- known as the ___30___ of the European culture. ___31___
the Chinese culture, the European one also ___32___waters. When the colonists
of England ___33___down in America, their culture went with them over the
Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t ___34___ from the European one
a lot.
At the same time, the ___35___ of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic languages while the Western languages are ___36___ based on the Latin system, for example, the one I ‘m using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference ___37___ as well. However, ____38___ the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom ___39__ until recent centuries.___40___ they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干扰) from the other.
21. A. above all B. on the whole C. in all D. first of all
22. A. mountains B. plains C. lakes D. rivers
23. A. since B. when C. while D. as
24. A. developed B. improved C. created D. protected
25. A. suddenly B. quietly C. gradually D. naturally
26. A. mixed B. flowed C. moved D. forced
27. A. expanded B. enriched C. influenced D. shaped
28. A. comes B. belongs C. amounts D. adds
29. A. birth B. way C. root D. origin
30. A. characteristics B. sign C. base D. content
31. As B. Unlike C. With D. Like
32. A. passed B. spread C. crossed D. formed
33. A. fell B. went C. broke D. settled
34. A. separate B. grow C. move D. distinguish
35. A. difference B. use C. appearance D. change
36. A.
properly B.
partly C.
simply D.
mostly
37. A. include B. counts C. depends D. worked
38. A. in terms of B. due to C. as to D. in case of
39. A. help B. connect C. communicate D. meet
40. A. But B. Because C. So D. Yet
As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, ____.
A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life
---Have you persuaded him?
---Yes. After some hours of discussion, I ____ to reason him in accepting the new plan.
A. had managed B. would manage C. have managed D. managed
. How pleased the emperor was ____ what the cheats said!
A. hearing B. heard C. hear D. to hear
