Limit the use of private cars, improve public transport and encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion(拥挤) during the 2008 Olympics, experts from foreign countries advised Beijing on Friday.
Professor Nigel Wilson, of the civil and environmental engineering department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said he was "supportive to the limiting of private cars during the Olympic Games", saying that in foreign countries, the method is also adopted during big events, but he was unsure about the approach.
The government planned to keep an average of more than one million cars off the roads to improve traffic flow during the Olympics, said Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Committee, at the China Planning Network First Urban Transportation Congress.
Sharing Wilson's view, Dr. Yoshitsugu Hayashi, dean of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies of Nagoya University, believed the reduction in car use should be achieved not by banning, but through incentives.
"Drivers who don't use their private cars could be given points," he said, "and the points could be exchanged for goods from online shopping."
Wetzel stressed limiting the use of company cars. "Governmental officials should also be encouraged to use public transportation or ride bicycles," he said, adding that he himself is a bicycle-rider in London.
Matthew Martimo, director of Traffic Engineering with Citilabs, said the bicycle was China's advantage. "Limiting private cars is an idea worth trying but it is just a temporary solution," he said. "The real cause of congestion is high density of people in Beijing and many have cars."
Beijing, with a population of 15 million, is home to more than three million automobiles, and the number is rising by 1,000 a day.
Professor Wilson said the Olympic Games was a great opportunity for Beijing to think about traffic problems and develop transportation, adding that the city had already been making public transport more efficient. Beijing has promised to stretch its 114-kilometer city railway to 200 kilometers before the opening of the Olympic Games.
“We are looking forward to borrowing Beijing's experiences and drawing from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics,” said Wetzel.
51. The underlined word incentives in paragraph 4 means_______.
A. something that encourages people to try B. online shopping
C. points could be exchanged for goods D. award
52.It can be seen from the passage that ______.
A. the government planned to forbid over 1 million cars to run on the roads during the Olympics.
B. banning private cars is the best way to solve traffic congestion in Beijing
C. Beijing now has 200 kilometers of city railway
D. the use of company cars will not be limited
53. Why did Wetzel stress “ he himself is a bicycle-rider in London”?
A. To limit the use of company cars.
B. To encourage governmental officials to use public transportation or ride bicycles.
C. To show that riding bicycles is good for health.
D. To show that he loves riding bicycles.
54. Which of the following may be the reason for the traffic congestion in Beijing?
A. The 2008 Beijing Olympic games.
B. The number of cars in Beijing is rising by 1,000 a day.
C. The large population in Beijing and the large number of cars.
D. Public transport in Beijing is not efficient.
55. The purpose of the passage is ________.
A. to limit the use of private cars, improve public transport
B. to encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion during the 2008 Olympics
C. to borrow Beijing's experiences and draw from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics
D. to tell the advice given by foreign experts on traffic congestion during 2008 Beijing Olympics
Slang is a popular, less official and often very current form of language. It is an important part of a living language and is constantly changing as language changes. Slang is often playful, direct and sometimes less respectful than the more official and traditional version of language. So now I'm going to lay it on you! To “lay it on” is American slang for “to tell” or “to explain.”
Slang can take many forms. For example, slang can be local to one city or area. In Washington, D.C. there is a whole set of slang to describe politics and business in the city. For example, the term POTUS stands for President of the United States. POTUS can often be found with his wife, FLOTUS, the first lady of the United States. “Inside the Beltway” is a popular expression that describes the area of Washington, D.C. The beltway is the large highway that circles the city.
The Internet has helped create a whole new kind of computer-related slang. An “angry fruit salad” is an expression that describes a Web site with too many bright colors. “Netiquette” is slang for correct behavior when using the Internet.
Young people often develop the latest slang. For example, to say Special English “rocks” or is “phat” means Special English is really great. A “kegger” is a party where beer is served. If something is “wack” it is wild and crazy.
Different professions often have their own slang as well. For example, medical workers might refer to a complaining patient as a “gomer”. A "tough stick" is someone whose veins are difficult to find when he or she needs to have blood taken.
No matter how well you speak English, there are always new and interesting slang words to discover. There are entire dictionaries for describing slang. Many experts do not even agree on what is and what is not slang. Often slang words later become a part of officially accepted language. Official or not, slang is an energetic and exciting part of the American language that continues to change.
46. Which of the following is not true for slang compared with the official language?
A. Playful B. Direct
C. Less respectful D. More official
47. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. if you speak English very well, there is no problem for you to understand English speakers
B. slang words are created by people in their daily life
C. English speakers are clear whether it is a slang
D. slang words will never be accepted as official language
48.Which of the following is not mentioned to have helped create slang?
A. The internet. B. Young people.
C. President of the United States. D. Professions
49. Where do you think is the passage adapted from?
A. A radio speech B. A magazine.
C. A textbook. D. A newspaper.
50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. What is slang? B. Slang is popular
C. Who creates slang? D. Slang is a language.
III. 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Alzheimer's disease affects millions of people around the world. American researchers say the disease will affect more than one hundred million people worldwide by the year twenty fifty. That would be four times the current number. Researchers and doctors have been studying Alzheimer's patients for a century. Yet the cause and cure for the mental sickness are still unknown. However, some researchers have made important steps towards understanding it.
Several early signs of the disease involve memory and thought processes. At first, patients have trouble remembering little things. Later, they have trouble remembering more important things, such as the names of their children.
There are also some physical tests that might show who is at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The tests look for proteins in brain and spinal cord fluid. The proteins appear to be found only in people with the disease. The protein tests correctly identify the presence of the disease in about ninety percent of patients.
Now, a much simpler physical test to predict Alzheimer's risk has been developed. Researchers found that trouble with the sense of smell can be one of the first signs of Alzheimer's. Using this information, they developed a test in which people were asked to identify twelve familiar smells. These smells included cinnamon, black pepper, chocolate, paint thinner, and smoke.
The study continued for five years. During this period, the same people were asked to take several tests measuring their memory and thought abilities. Fifty percent of those who could not identify at least four of the smells in the first test had trouble with their memory and thinking in the next five years.
Another study has shown a possible way to reduce a person's chances of developing Alzheimer's disease in old age. Researchers in Chicago found that people who use their brains more often are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. Those who read a newspaper, or play chess or word games are about three times less likely to develop the condition.
Researchers say they still do not know what causes Alzheimer's disease. But they say these findings might help prevent the disease in the future.
41. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Some early signs of the Alzheimer's disease.
B. Some physical tests about Alzheimer's disease.
C. The research about Alzheimer's disease.
D. The patients of Alzheimer's disease.
42. What’s the current number of Alzheimer’s patients?
A. 100 million B. 25 million C. 400 million D. 2050 million
43. What is not the early signs of the Alzheimer's disease according to the passage?
A. Poor memory B. Proteins exist in the brain.
C. Trouble with the sense of smell. D. Less use of the brain.
44. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Alzheimer's disease. B. Alzheimer's patients.
C. The cause and cure. D. The research.
45. According to the passage, we can learn that _______.
A. there are no proteins in the brains of the people with no Alzheimer's disease
B. the people who often use their brains will not get Alzheimer's disease
C. researchers and doctors have found ways to cure Alzheimer's disease
D. the people who have the trouble with the sense of smell will certainly suffer from Alzheimer's disease
第二节：语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
Few people would even think of beginning a new job at the age of 76, _31_____ one of America’s most famous artists did just that. Anna Mary Robertson, better known as “Grandma Moses”, turned to painting _32_____ she was too old to work on her farm.
Grandma Moses was crazy about painting soon after she picked it up and worked hard at it. She painted _33_____(care) and her works were nice. She first painted only to please _34_____, and then began to sell her works _35_____a little money. In 1993, a collector, Louis Caldor happened to see several of Grandma Moses’ works _36_____(hang) in a shop. He liked them, __37____(buy) them at once, and set out to look for _38_____. Caldor held __39____ show to introduce the works of Grandma Moses to other artists. Grandma Moses, _40_____ was world-famous, died on December 13, 1961, at the age of 101.
II. 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21～30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Have you ever simply wanted to give without expecting anything in return? It’s 21 to do. Most look for a reward in some way. I know I did, most of the time, but then a TV program of “Oprah” inspired me. She gave everyone in the audience $1,000 to spend on a complete__22__, accompanied by a video camera to ___23 __ what they did with the money.
Two sisters from Georgia 24___ from the crowd in my mind---they put their money together to give to “My sister’s House”, a 25 ___ that helps battered(受虐的) women and children. Not only did they 26 ___ their money, but they told everyone in their town about the organization. It was amazing that people were crazy to ring and 27 ______money, baby clothing, and more.
This story made me realize how often I expect things from others and how 28______ I give things in return. I don’t have a thousand dollars to spend on a stranger, but I do have a heart that is full of love and generosity. I now hold doors open for others and 29__ __ at people I don’t know, because a smile is contagious(有感染力的) and I try to bring as much happiness as I can into others’ lives. It’s difficult, but I feel it is really ___30 ____.
21. A. hard B. easy C. simple D. hardly
22. A. countrymen B. stranger C. acquaintance D. friend
23. A. show B. record C. learn D. praise
24. A. stood up B. stood out C. stood by D. stood for
25. A. room B. house C. village D. shelter
26. A. spend B. divide C. combine D. separate
27. A. give B. bring C. donate D. take
28. A. often B. really C. simply D. rarely
29. A. sing B. cry C. smile D. laugh
30. A. rewarding B. awarding C. expecting D. giving
第二节 读写任务 (共1小题, 满分25 分)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
It was the end of my first day as a waitress in a busy New York restaurant. My cap had gone away, and my feet hurt. The loaded plates I carried seemed to be heavier and heavier. Tired and discouraged, I didn't seem able to do anything right. As I wrote out a check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to quit. Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip. “Well done”, he said, “you're looking after us really well.” Suddenly my tiredness disappeared. I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I’d like my first day, I said, “Fine!” Those few words of praise had changed everything. Praise is like sunshine to the human spirit; no flower can grow without it. And yet, most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism; we are unwilling to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. Why---when one word of praise can bring such benefit?
In fact, to give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effort but will reward both the giver and the recipient（接受者） with a happy day. Let’s learn to give credit（赞扬） to people around us.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2. 然后以120个词就“The Power of Praise”这个主题发表你的看法, 并包括如下要点： 1) 在你周围，人们对赞美的看法和做法；
2) 你的观点如何？你怎么做？举例说明赞美的力量。
[写作要求]
1. 可以使用自己的经历或听到的故事,可以参照阅读材料的内容, 但不得直接
引用原文中的句子；
2. 标题已经给出。
[评分标准] 概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。
The Power of Praise
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