A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors — or of people very different from our own — can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.
In history books, objective(客观的) information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective(主观的): it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros — as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez — depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.
In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy(不圣洁的).
1. More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because art history ____________.
A. shows us the religious beliefs and emotions of a people in addition to political values
B. provides us with information about the daily activities of people in the past
C. gives us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a place
D. all of the above
2. Art is subjective(主观的) in that _________.
A. a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it
B. it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problems
C. it will find a ready echo in our hearts
D. both B and C
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo Picasso and several Mexican artists expressed their political opinions in their paintings.
B. History books often reveal the compilers’ political views.
C. Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book.
D. In the Middle East even today you can hardly find any human and animal figures on palaces or other buildings.
4. The passage mainly discusses __________.
A. the difference between general history and art history
B. the making of art history
C. what we can learn from art
D. the influence of artists on art history
5. It may be concluded from this passage that __________.
A. Islamic artists have had to create architectural decoration with images of flowers or geometric forms
B. history teachers are more objective than artists
C. it is more difficult to study art history than general history
D. people and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other buildings in order to popularize the Bible
Most likely, you aren’t the family breadwinner. But doing a small job or getting a weekly allowance(零花钱) would put some money in your pocket. For kids and grown-ups alike, money is easy to spend. If you aren’t careful, it can be going in no time.
Being responsible with your money is an important skill to learn — and the sooner you start the better. Whether you are tracking your spending or saving for something special, creating a budget can help you deal with your expenses and plan for the future. All you need are paper and a pencil — and some self-control.
First, take a look at our sample monthly budget. Then, use a separate sheet of paper to plan your own. In the first two columns(栏), list your sources of income and how much you expect to earn from them. In the third and fourth columns, list what you expect to spend your money on and the amount.
The left-hand total should be more than or equal to the right-hand total. If it is, you have an effective budget.
Budgets are not complex, but sticking to them can be tough. When planning your budget, be realistic about your expenses. If you know that you drop $18 at a movie, don’t write $12 in that space simply because you wish you were spending less.
If you are eyeing a big purchase, such as a $150 skateboard, spend less and save more until you have the total amount. No matter how attractive it may be, avoid spending your savings. One day, you will thank yourself!
|
Monthly Income |
Amount |
Monthly Expense |
Amount |
|
Allowance (零花钱) |
$20.00. |
Snacks |
$20.00 |
|
Money earned selling drinks |
$25.00 |
Music downloads |
$12.00 |
|
Money earned babysitting |
$12.50. |
Movies |
$18.00 |
|
Money earned delivering newspapers |
$30.00 |
Video rental |
$10.00 |
|
Total |
$87.50 |
Total |
$66.00 |
1. Who is the passage written for?
A. Children. B. Parents. C. Breadwinners. D. Bank managers.
2. The purpose of making a budget is to help people _________.
A. learn to be realistic B. increase their saving
C. manage their money well D. test their power-control
3. What should people do when planning a budget?
A. Fill in the expenses as they really are.
B. Avoid spending money on expensive things.
C. Set aside a fixed amount of money as savings.
D. List income and expenses on two pieces of paper.
4. Which of the following budgets is effective?
A.
|
Monthly Income |
Amount |
Monthly Expenses |
Amount |
|
Allowance(零花钱) |
$20.00 |
Money earned walking dogs |
$20.00 |
|
Bus fares |
$40.00 |
Movies |
$28.00 |
|
Total |
$60.00 |
Total |
$48.00 |
B.
|
Monthly Income |
Amount |
Monthly Expenses |
Amount |
|
Allowance(零花钱) |
$20.00 |
Movies |
$30.00 |
|
Money earned washing cars |
$10.00 |
Bus fares |
$10.00 |
|
Total |
$30.00 |
Total |
$40.00 |
C.
|
Monthly Income |
Amount |
Monthly Expenses |
Amount |
|
Allowance(零花钱) |
$27.50 |
Money earned selling drinks |
$22.00 |
|
Money earned |
$22.50 |
Birthday gifts |
$28.00 |
|
Total |
$50.00 |
Total |
$50.00 |
D.
|
Monthly Income |
Amount |
Monthly Expenses |
Amount |
|
Allowance(零花钱) |
$26.00 |
Radio rentals |
$22.00 |
|
Money earned doing yard work |
$24.00 |
Birthday gifts |
$28.00 |
|
Total |
$50.00 |
Total |
$50.00 |
5. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. the importance of making a budget B. how to make a budget
C. how to form good habits D. how to spend money
第三部分： 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41~55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
(A)
In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?”
H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel”, a tunnel connecting England and France, is now complete.
But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “Alice Cities”. The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome (太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city.
Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells’ “moon people” would agree. Would you?
1. The explorers in H. G. Wells’ story were surprised to find that the“moon people” ___________.
A. knew so much about the earth B. understood their language
C. lived in so many underground cities D. were ahead of them in space technology
2. What does the underlined word “it” (Paragraph 2) refer to?
A. Discovering the moon’s inner space. B. Using the earth’s inner space.
C. Meeting the“moon people”again. D. Traveling to outer space.
3. What sort of underground systems are already here with us?
A. Offices, shopping areas, power stations.
B. Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas.
C. Gardens, car parks, power stations.
D. Tunnels, gardens, offices.
4. The word “wilderness” in the last paragraph means___________.
A. wildlife B. poor districts
C. desert D. an area that is not allowed to build on
5. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Alice Cities — cities of the future
B. Space travel with H. G. Wells
C. Enjoy living underground
D. Building down, not up
第二节：语法结构（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式
填空，并将答案填在答题卷标号为31~40的相应位置上。
CHILDREN AND GAMES
As we all know, games play a very important role in the growth of children. Children should grow along with playing games; 31 , through playing, they can not only acquire knowledge, but also cultivate their abilities to get along with others.
However, most children are 32 ( face ) with a completely different situation. Most parents fear that games will prevent children from increasing new knowledge and 33 the children will fail in the future examinations. So, instead of 34 ( let ) the children 35 find and learn naturally from their surroundings, they force their children to take part in various kinds of classes, learning English, playing 36 piano or practising drawing, etc. What’s more, some parents put 37 the children’s toys which are very useful in developing children’s imagination and practical abilities.
38 is a piece of good advice to those parents: 39 you want to expect your child to be able to accomplish something, you must first of all develop his ability to adapt to the new surroundings. That cram education can lead to nothing 40 a failure in the children’s growth.
第二部分：语言知识及应用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21~35各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将其该项涂黑。
What is intelligence anyway? When I was in the army I 21 an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and, against an average of 100, scored 160.
I had an auto-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hurried to him — and he always 22 it.
Well, then, suppose my auto-repair man designed questions for some intelligence tests. By every one of them I’d prove myself a 23 . In a world where I have to work with my hands， I’d do poorly.
Consider my auto-repair man again. He had a habit of telling 24 . One time he said, “Doc, a deaf-and-dumb man 25 some nails. Having entered a store, he put two fingers together on the counter and made 26 movements with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He shook his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk 27 him some nails. He picked out the right size and left. Well, Doc, the next man who came in was blind. He wanted scissors. How do you suppose he asked for them?” I lifted my right hand and made scissoring movements with my first two fingers. He burst out laughing and said, “Why, you fool, he used his 28 and asked for them. I’ve been 29 that on all my customers today, but I knew for sure I’d catch you.” “Why is that?” I asked. “Because you are so goddamned educated, Doc. I knew you couldn’t be very 30 .”
And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.
21. A. failed B. wrote C. received D. chose
22. A. fixed B. checked C. drove D. changed
23. A. teacher B. doctor C. winner D. fool
24. A. lies B. jokes C. news D. tales
25. A. bought B. tested C. found D. needed
26. A. cutting B. hammering C. waving D. circling
27. A. brought B. packed C. sent D. sold
28. A. imagination B. hand C. voice D. information
29. A. trying B. proving C. practising D. examining
30. A. clear B. silly C. slow D. smart
读写任务（满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered（改变）many physical features（特征）of the earth. He has transformed（完全改变） woodlands and prairies（大草原） into farms and made lakes and reservoirs（水库） out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power（发电站）. Man has also modified（修改） the face of the earth by draining marshes(排干沼泽) and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
However, man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial（有利的）results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside. The pollution of water is equally harmful. The whole ecological（生态的） balance of the sea is being changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Now environmental protection is more pressing than ever before. As we know, massive destruction（毁灭）of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat (威胁)to man's existence. Indifference to these problems will mean committing suicide. Therefore, effective measures should be taken and laws passed to conserve（保护） environment. Otherwise, man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences（后果）caused by this lack of care for his living surroundings.
[写作内容]
以约30个词概括短文的要点；然后以约120个词就“如何保护地球环境”
这一主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
作业应正、反面纸都使用，不要浪费纸张；
尽可能不使用一次性物品，提倡循环使用；
应根据自己实际饭量买饭，避免剩饭剩菜造成浪费；
破旧衣服可以继续使用，既节约又不给环境增加污染源。
[写作要求] 可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读
材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
[评分标准] 概括准确、语言规范、内容合适，篇章连贯。
