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People with disabilities make up a large...

People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements(违反;侵犯)of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

 

36. A “developmental" disability ______.

A. develops very slowly over time

B. is caused by forces

C. occurs in youth and affects development

D. is getting more and more severe

37.Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functions

B. they were not very well looked after

C. medical techniques were not available

D. they were too poor to get proper treatment

38. In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ______.

A.more laws should be passed

B.public attitudes should be changed

C.government should provide more aids

D.more public facilities should be set up

39. Which of the following cannot be inferred(推断)from the passage ?

A.Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.

B.The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.

C.The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.

D.  Discriminatory laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.

40. The best title for this passage might be ______.

A.Handicaps(不利条件;障碍;)of People with Disabilities

B.The physical difficulties of the Disabled

C.The Causes for Disabilities

D.Medical Treatments for Disabilities

 

 C  C  B  D  A 【解析】
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Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled----to $1.01 per pack---smokers have jammed telephone ‘quit lines’ across the country seeking to kick the habit.

This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.

The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.

In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, S.C., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4.78.

The influence is obvious.

In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys----13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26 % of high school students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.

Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”

That’s true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place.  As for today’s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.

 

31. The text is mainly about___________.

A  the price of cigarettes                      

B  the rate of teen smoking

C  the effect of tobacco tax increase          

D  the differences in tobacco tax rate

32. What does the author think is a surprise?

A  Teen smokers are price sensitive.

B  Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.

C  Tobacco taxes improve public health.

D  Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.

33. The underlined word "deter" in Paragraph 3 most probably means      .

A. discourage   B. remove        C. benefit           D. free

34. Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of     .

A. tolerance          B. unconcern         C. doubt                 D. sympathy

35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.

B. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.

C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking.

D. Adults will depend more on their families.

 

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完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

 

When I moved into an empty dormitory for the first time two years ago, I was certain of a few things. Firstly, I realized that I didn’t  16  anybody at the school. Secondly, I knew that I wanted to work hard at my lessons and learn something useful. And thirdly, I wanted to have a good time with new classmates, without my parents around.

  The first  17  frightened me in the beginning. But that  18  quickly disappeared. It was the other two goals  19  ended up being my difficulties. I knew that it was hard to devote enough time to class and to social efforts. But I wanted to  20  in both. I knew this would be a  21  , but I didn’t realize how much until classes began.

  I got on well with the other girls who lived in my dorm.  22 , instead of finishing my homework  23 it was due, I went upstairs and had ice cream with my neighbor. I always finished it the next day between classes. I knew it wasn’t very good and the grade I  24  showed my lack of effort.

  I was  25  that I needed to find some sort of balance. So I created a schedule that would  26  my time up between going to class, doing homework, and relaxing. It seemed like a good idea, but I was only able to  27  it for a few days. A schedule like that was too much pressure.

  So I tried another 28 . Each week I made a list of everything I had to get done during that week. Then, under the list of things I had to get done, I made a list of things I could do if I had time.

  This is the method I have used since then. I’m glad that I’ve learned to  29  things and it has  30  prepare me for what is to come after graduation.

16. A. know         B. recognize        C. realize                D. like

17. A. teacher        B. day                    C. class                  D. realization

18. A. happiness   B. excitement      C. fear              D. desire

19. A. which        B. what                  C. that                   D. who

20. A. win             B. succeed            C. get                    D. wish

21. A. chance        B. job                     C. challenge            D. time

22. A. Often        B. Seldom               C. Unluckily             D. Fortunately

23. A. because        B. when                          C. after                  D. before

24. A. demanded            B. took                   C. accepted                     D. received

25. A. asleep          B. awake               C. ashamed                      D. aware

26. A. fix                B. divide                C. put                    D. build

27. A. use             B. keep                  C. follow                 D. make

28. A. plan            B. energy              C. pressure             D. effort

29. A. do               B. control              C. balance                       D. hold

30. A. had             B. helped              C. let                      D. forced                         

 

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A. have; are           B. has; is                C. has; are   D. have; is

 

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A. for; as               B. with; for    C. as; for       D. like; as

 

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A. likely                  B. possible   C. probable            D. maybe

 

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