People who are outdoors in cold weather should avoid actions like suddenly lifting a heavy basket full of snow. Even walking through heavy, wet snow can strain a person’s heart.
Many people aren’t conditioned to the physical stress of outdoor activities and don’t know the dangers of being outdoors in cold weather. Those who like winter sports can suffer accidental hypothermia if they don’t make certain preparations.
Hypothermia means the body temperature has fallen below normal. It occurs when your body can’t produce enough energy to keep the internal (内部的) body temperature warm enough. It can kill you. Heart failure causes most deaths in hypothermia.
Children, the elderly and those with heart disease are at special risk. As people age, their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature often decreases. Elderly people can suffer hypothermia without knowing they’re in danger because they can’t notice the cold conditions as quickly as the young.
Besides cold temperatures, high winds, snow and rain can also steal body heat. Wind is especially dangerous because it removes the layer of heated air from around your body. At 30 degrees Fahrenheit in a 20-mile-per-hour wind, the cooling effect is equal to calm air at four degrees. Similarly dampness (湿气) causes the body to lose heat faster than it would at the same temperature in drier conditions.
To keep warm, wear more clothes. This traps air between layers. Also, wear a hat or head scarf. Much of your body’s heat can be lost through your head. Keep your hands and feet warm, too, as they tend to lose heat rapidly.
Don’t drink alcohol before going outdoors or when outside. Alcohol makes you feel warm at first because blood vessels in the skin expand. But heat is then drawn away from the body’s important organs.
1. The underlined word “strain” in Paragraph 1 means ________.
A. injure B. warm C. control D. burn
2. What is implied in the passage about hypothermia?
|
A. |
It means the body temperature falls rapidly. |
|
B. |
Most heart attacks are caused by it. |
|
C. |
It is not as scary as people think. |
|
D. |
It can threaten a person’s life. |
3. Based on the passage, one of the reasons why the elderly are at special risk of suffering from hypothermia is that _______.
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A. |
they like exercising outside in cold mornings |
|
B. |
they can’t notice cold conditions if they are not told |
|
C. |
their body temperature is generally lower than young people’s |
|
D. |
their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature is not so good |
4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
|
A. |
What causes the body to lose heat faster. |
|
B. |
The advantages of drier conditions. |
|
C. |
What else can steal body heat. |
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D. |
Dangers of high winds. |
5. Which of the following is NOT a result of drinking alcohol before going outdoors?
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A. |
Feeling warm at first |
|
B. |
The body’s heat is taken away |
|
C. |
Blood vessels in the skin expand |
|
D. |
The risk of hypothermia is reduced |
Don’t be surprised when strangers talk to you in Canada! You will find that many Canadians will smile at you as they pass in the street, or say something to you like “Hi!” or “How’s it going?” Just reply with something similar. In the UK the reply would be “I’m fine”, but in Canada they say “I’m good”.
In company, when someone is offering you a second helping of food or more wine, if you don’t want any more, use the same expression— “I’m good”. In this case, it means “No, thank you. I’ve had enough”. Most Canadians don't press you to eat more than you want.
In restaurant, your plate will be cleared away almost immediately you have finished eating. When you go into a shop or store, the shop assistant asks you how you are or if they can help you, it is their way of being friendly and making conversation with the customers.
Canadians eat early and go home early. When you are invited to a Canadian’s home, you may be asked to arrive at 5:30 pm or 6 pm. But guests in Europe don’t expect to arrive until 7:30 pm or 8 pm. Remember to take off your shoes and leave them inside the door without being asked. It’s not a religious custom, but it’s practical. In winter, there can be a lot of snow and dirt on your shoes, once you are in the warm house it melts and falls off, making a mess. Canadians tend to have light colored carpets or hardwood floors.
If you’re invited for dinner, it will be a full sit- down meal. Meat is usually barbecued in the freezing cold of winter. Do take something with you, like a bottle of wine. Arrive on time and don’t stay over 10 pm.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
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A. |
“I’m good” can mean you do not need more food in Canada. |
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B. |
In Canada, you will meet strangers in the street saying “Hi” to you. |
|
C. |
In a Canadian restaurant, the plates will stay at the table until you leave. |
|
D. |
Canadians usually say “I’m good” to answer the greeting of “How’s it going?” |
2. If you are invited for dinner in your Canadian friend’s home, ________.
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A. |
you will have a full sit-down meal |
|
B. |
you don’t have to bring any gift for the host |
|
C. |
you are expected to arrive at 7:30 or 8 pm |
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D. |
you don’t have to take off your shoes when you enter the room |
3. When a Canadian shop assistant says “How are you?” to you, it suggests that _______.
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A. |
they hope to make friends with you |
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B. |
they want to ask you for help |
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C. |
they are very friendly to customers |
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D. |
they are your good friends |
4. What can we learn from the passage?
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A. |
Canadians like dark colored carpets. |
|
B. |
In Canada, meat will not be barbecued even in the cold winter. |
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C. |
You will always be asked to eat more food than you want in Canada. |
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D. |
It is usually rude to stay over 10 pm in your Canadian friend’s home. |
5.What would be the best title for this passage?
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A. |
Some customs in Canada |
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B. |
Dinner party rules in Canada |
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C. |
Studying in Canada |
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D. |
Doing business in Canada |
IV. 阅读理【解析】
（共20题，每小题2分，共40分）
A long time ago, before there was any money (coins or paper money), people got the things that they needed by trading or exchanging. Salt was one of the first items used to exchange for other items. Later, some of the common things that were used for exchanging were tea leaves, shells, feathers, animal teeth, tobacco, and blankets. Around 3000 BC, barley, a type of grain, was used for exchanging.
The world’s first metal money was developed by the Sumerians who melted silver into small bars all weighing the same. This was around 1000 BC. About three hundred years later, people started using coins as official money.
Around 640 BC, people in the ancient kingdom of Lydia ( which was in Turkey) created special coins of exact with and purity (纯度). They were made of gold and silver and were stamped with a lion’s head.
Later, other empires such as Greece, Persia, and Rome adopted the concept of coins and started developing their own in many different shapes and different metals.
Around the year 1000, the Chinese started using paper money. The Chinese were the first to use paper money. The Europeans discovered this thanks to Marco Polo who went to China in 1295. the Chinese had different values for the paper notes which were made by the Chinese government.
Around 1661, Sweden became the first European country to make paper money. Until 1850, the Spanish dollar was the coin most widely used throughout the world.
1What is the best title for this passage?
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A. |
The history of money |
|
B. |
How people traded in the past |
|
C. |
The invention of paper money |
|
D. |
The use of coins around the world |
2We learn that before coins and paper money were used, _____.
|
A. |
barley had always been used for exchanging |
|
B. |
only a few people knew how to trade with others |
|
C. |
salt was the most widely used item for exchanging |
|
D. |
many kinds of things were used for exchanging |
3According to the passage, when did people start using coins as official money?
|
A. |
Around 1300 BC. |
B. |
Around 1000 BC. |
|
C. |
Around 700 BC. |
D. |
Around 640 BC. |
4The underlined word “adopted” in Paragraph 4 probably means “____”.
|
A. |
replaced |
B. |
changed |
|
C. |
accepted |
D. |
invented |
5. Which of the following countries first started to use paper money?
A. Spain B. China C. Sweden D. Lydia
III.语法填空：(共10题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
People can call 911 when they need help. The police will come quickly. This phone number should be used only 26 an emergency. But there have been some problems with people using the 911 phone number. 27 than half of the calls made to it are an accident. These accidental calls are not real emergencies.
Calling 911 when you do not need 28 can be very bad. It wastes the time of the people answering the calls. It can even force someone 29 has a real emergency to wait before 30 (get) the help they need.
Many accidental 911 calls come from cellphones. Sometimes keys on the phone 31 (push) and the call goes through without the owner of the phone knowing that he has called an emergency number. People are trying to find 32 way to solve this problem.
They are testing a new program that might help solve the problem of accidental 911 calls. This program will make 33 (call) of 911 calls push another key on the phone 34 it is a real emergency. People hope that this change 35 (reduce) the number of accidental 911 calls going through.
II. 完形填空（共15题，每小题2分，共30分）
My best friend is Cocoa, and I live in a senior-citizen apartment. Cocoa is a ten-year-old dog and I am a sixty-nine-year-old lady, so you can see we both qualify as 11 citizens.
He is a 12 companion. He does many amusing things that make me 13 , and when that happens, he is so delighted 14 he just keeps it up.
But one afternoon, Cocoa started acting strangely. I was sitting on the floor playing with him, 15 he started pawing and smelling at the right side of my 16 . He had never done anything like this ever before, and I told him, “No.” To Cocoa, one “no” is usually 17 , but not that day. He stopped briefly, and then 18 ran toward me, throwing his entire weight at the right side of my chest. He crashed into me and I cried in 19 , falling down to the floor. Soon after this, I felt a lump (肿块). I went to my doctors, and after X-rays 20 and lab work were done, they told me I had cancer.
When cancer starts, a 21 of calcium (钙) builds. Then the lump or cancer attaches itself to this wall. When Cocoa jumped on me, the force of the impact broke the lump away from the wall. This made it possible for me to 22 the lump.
I had a complete mastectomy (乳房切除术) and the cancer has not 23 to any other part of my body. The doctors told me if the cancer had gone undetected even six more months, it would have been too 24 .
Was Cocoa 25 of just what he was doing? I’ll never really know. What I do know is that Cocoa not only shares his life with me, he has also made sure that I will be around to share my life with him!
11 A. good B. standard C. senior D. great
12 A. wonderful B. tiring C. hungry D. bad
13 A. leave B. cry C. laugh D. jump
14 A. as B. when C. and D. that
15 A. when B. then C. though D. as
16 A. chest B. body C. shoulder D. arm
17 A. right B. good C. enough D. unexpected
18 A. hurriedly B. rudely C. slowly D. suddenly
19 A. pain B. surprise C. trouble D. danger
20 A. experiments B. researches C. tests D. papers
21 A. wall B. cancer C. body D. number
22 A. watch B. have C. get D. notice
23 A. ran B. kept C. entered D. spread
24 A. common B. late C. much D. early
25 A. ashamed B. aware C. afraid D. tired
基础写作（1小题，15分）
现有不少学生不吃早餐，请根据以下提供的内容写一篇短文。
写作内容：
标题：Top Meal of the Day
原因：晚上学习太晚，不吃早餐可以多睡一会。
结果：易疲劳，上课总想睡觉。注意力下降。考试成绩不理想。
建议：早餐不可少，它提供全天所需的能量的30%，青少年健康应从早餐抓起。
写作要求：只能使用5个句子表达全部内容
评分标准：句子结构准确，信息内容完整，语言规范，篇章结构连贯
