第四部分：任务型阅读（每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据短文的内容要点完成文章后的表格。注意：补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求，每空只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上的相应位置。
An oral history is a piece of writing based on an interview with a person who has lived through a significant period in history or experienced a historical event. His or her memories provide a personal view of the past.
The first goal of all oral histories is to record stories about a specific subject. That subject may be a historical event like the D-Day invasion. It may be a period of history like the Depression, or a social or cultural trend, such as child labor. The first step in an oral history project, therefore, is to select a subject that interests you and is of historical significance.
Before attempting to identify people to interview for your project, you must first gather background information about the subject. The Library of Congress, which houses thousands of oral histories, provides these tips for researching your subject.
Before entering the library or logging onto the internet, decide on key words to use in your search. Use detailed search words. For example, search for rock and roll of the ’60s instead of the more general term music.
Look through newspaper and magazine articles and Internet Web sites to identify documents that are related to your subject. Make copies of those that will help you plan your interview questions and discard all others.
Discuss what you’ve read about your subject surprised you? What aspect of your subject would you like to know more about? Asking questions like these will help you to focus your subject and to identify the voice or voices you need to interview.
Oral histories are as much about self as they are about subject. One goal of an oral history interview is to find out what happened. A second and equally important goal is to discover how people reacted to or were affected by what happened. The person you select to interview, therefore, should have had some experience with the subject – either as a participant or a witness.
Once you have identified one or more people to interview, begin preparing your questions. The best questions are open-ended, encouraging the speaker to respond with more than a mere “Yes” or “No.” For example, an interviewer might have asked Clarence Hughart this question about his D-Day experience: Were you scared? That question, however, would probably not have elicited the sort of dramatic storytelling that Hughart provided.
Make a list of ten possible interview questions. The first two or three should be fairly general, asking the interviewee to talk about his or her childhood, perhaps. These kinds of questions put people at ease. Save more sensitive questions until the interview has been underway for five, 10, or 15 minutes or more.
After the interview come the final steps: writing a summary of the interview and then shaping it into a finished piece of writing.
One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wage. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare, say, a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig(钻油机) in the North Sea with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and teacher have is many years of training in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years, when they were studying instead of earning money, should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take.
Another factor we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is, regardless of the talents he may bring to it. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling secondhand cars or improving the taste of toothpaste by adding a red stripe to it. Yet it is almost certain that the used car salesman earns more than the nurse, and that research chemist earns more than the school teacher.
Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic(精神的) wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying monotony(单调) of his work. It is significant that that those jobs which are traditionally regarded as “vocations” --- nursing, teaching and the Church, for example --- continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.
Although the amount of money that people earn is in reality largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what is the right pay for the job. A starting point for such an investigation would be to try to decide the ratio which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicate by two factors: firstly by the “social wage”, i.e, the welfare benefits which every citizen receives; and secondly, by the taxation system, which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Allowing for these two things, most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned, and might even end up by emigration(移民) (the so-called “brain-drain” is an evidence that this can happen). If it is more, the gap between rich and poor will be so great that it will lead social tensions and ultimately to violence.
1. The professional man, such as the doctor, should be well paid because ______.
A. he has spent several years learning how to do his job
B. his work involves much great intelligence than, say, a bus conductor’s
C. he has to work much harder than most other people
D. he knows more than other people about his subject
2. The “brain-drain” is an evidence that ______.
A. well-educated people are prepared to emigrate whenever they can get a better paid job
B. people with jobs or responsibility expect to be highly paid
C. high taxation is a useful and effective instrument of social justice
D. the poor are generally more patriotic(爱国的) than the rich
3. As far as rewarding people for their work is concerned, the writer, believes that ______.
A. we should pay for socially-useful work, regardless of the person’s talent
B. we should pay people according to their talents
C. market forces will determine how much a person is paid
D. qualified people should be the highest paid
4. The argument of the “psychic wage” is used to explain why ______.
A. people who do socially important work are not always well paid
B. people who do monotonous jobs are highly paid
C. you should not try to compare the pay of different professions
D. some professional people are paid more than others
① Associate Product Manager －New Grad －Beijing
Responsibilities include working with engineers to define products, understanding user needs, researching markets and competitors, and strategizing (制定战略计划) future product directions. As you gain more experience, there’s an opportunity for promotion within the organization.
Requirements:
☆ Bachelor’s degree and more than one year of job experience.
☆ Strong organizational and analytical skills.
② Director of Education —Sylvan Learning Centers —Long Beach, California
Job description: As a successful director of education, your primary responsibility will be to champion the Sylvan developed curriculum, ensure the quality of the education standards and teachings staff as well as grow the business in your center. We require：
☆ Bachelor’s degree and at least 2 years of teaching experience.
☆ Managerial experience.
③ Area Export Manager —Beijing Import & Export Corporation —Beijing
Highly dynamic company is looking for bright, experienced salesperson who will be responsible for the export of frozen seafood and other commodities between China and the USA, Australia, and Canada.
Qualifications:
—Excellent level of English, spoken and written.
—Excellent communication and organizational skills.
—Experienced salesperson with proven results in fast-moving consumer goods essential, preferable in frozen seafood market.
④ Subeditor —Media Contacts —London
Working in the fascinating world of law and enforcement(执法), you will be making sure that you are meeting the exceptionally high standards of copy for this company. As part of a team of six, you will be meeting tight deadlines on a daily basis and ensuring regular flow of articles onto the website. Must have a keen eye for detail and confidence in working with challenging copy. Proven track record in subediting, and a practical knowledge of publishing law are required.
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Job title |
Casual trainer (first aid) |
|
Employer |
Medilife |
|
Location |
Sydney, NSW Australia 2150 |
|
Job type |
Part-time |
⑤
Job description: Medilife requires able, reliable trainers who can demonstrate the qualities of flexibility and loyalty and join their young, fun-living team. Successful applicants will receive excellent hourly rates. Suitable training provided to the right applicant.
⑥
|
Job title |
Web Designer/Developer—Arlington, Virginia, U.S |
|
Company name |
Nature Serve |
|
Job type |
Full-time |
|
Job status |
Web Designer/Developer |
|
Job function |
Web development/ Design Marketing |
|
Career level |
Experienced (Non-manager) |
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Contact information |
E-mail: jobs@natureserve.org |
1. Which of the following are specially required to most of the positions in the ads?
A. Experience and responsibilities B. Experience and special skills.
C. Special skills and English. D. Responsibilities and bachelor’s degree.
2. The positions are offered in __________ different countries.
A. three B. four C. five D. six
3. Which position is possible for a fresh university graduate to apply for?
A. Web designer B. Associate product manager
C. Export manager D. Casual trainer
4. From ad④ we can infer that a subeditor’s work is to ____________.
A. write articles for website B. copy data from the Internet
C. enforce publishing laws D. examine other people’s writing
Was Princess Diana murdered? The verdict（判决）is no according to an inquiry（调查）held into the cause of her death over the last six months.
The big question was whether the deaths of Diana and her boyfriend Dodi A1 Fayed in a deadly car crash in 1997 had been accidental, or whether there was some kind of conspiracy（阴谋）to have them killed.
Dodi’s father Mohamed A1 Fayed, owner of London’s world-famous department store Harrods, has insisted for the last decade that the pair were murdered by spies of the British state who did not want them to marry. But his theories now look to have been blown out of the water. The court found that Princess Diana and her boyfriend were not murdered but killed due to the “gross, carelessness” of her driver and the paparazzi（偷拍的摄影记者）. Her driver was drunk at the time of the crash and the paparazzi had been running after their car.
So is this the end of the Diana story? British taxpayers may hope so. The inquiry has cost them about ￡10m（140m RMB）. “Thank God it’s over”, was the headline in The Guardian newspaper. UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown said it was time to “draw a line” under the death of the Princess. But Mohamed AI Fayed has refused to accept the judgment. He says the result will come as a “blow” to millions of his supporters around the world, and has not ruled out starting another investigation.
Whatever happens, next, the special place Princess Diana has in the hearts of people around the world is not likely to be forgotten.
1. According to the text, the inquiry focuses on _______.
A. what caused the deaths of Diana and her boyfriend B. who were the paparazzi
C. how much British taxpayers paid for the case D. whether the driver was drunk then.
2. By saying the underlined “his theories now look to have been blown out of the water”, the author means that ________.
A. Mohamed lacks confidence in the case B. Mohamed feels disappointed at the result
C. Mohamed’s idea seems to be believable D. Mohamed’s idea possibly proves to be wrong
3. Similar to The Guardian newspaper, UK Prime Minister ________.
A. felt sorry for the deadly car crash B. questioned the purpose of Dodi’s father
C. stood for the court’s judgment D. blamed the paparazzi for their bad behavior
第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
For years I wanted a flower garden. I’d spend hours thinking of different things I could plant that would look nice together.
But then we had Matthew. And Marvin. And the twins, Alisa and Alan. And then Helen. Five children. I was too busy raising them to grow a garden.
Money was tight, as well as time. Often when my children were little, one of them would want something that cost too much, and I'd have to say, "Do you see a money tree outside? Money doesn't grow on trees, you know."
Finally, all five got through high school and college and were off on their own. I started thinking again about having a garden.
I wasn't sure, though. I mean, gardens do cost money, and after all these years I was used to living on a pretty lean, no-frills budget.
Then, one spring morning, on Mother's Day, I was working in my kitchen. Suddenly, I realized that cars were tooting their horns as they drove by. I looked out the window and there was a new tree, planted right in my yard. I thought it must be a weeping willow, because I saw things blowing around on all its branches. Then I put my glasses on - and I couldn't believe what I saw. There was a money tree in my yard!
I went outside to look. It was true! There were dollar bills, one hundred of them, taped all over that tree. Think of all the garden flowers I could buy with one hundred dollars! There was also a note attached: "IOU eight hours of digging time. Love, Marvin."
Marvin kept his promise, too. He dug up a nice ten-by-fifteen foot bed for me. And my other children bought me tools, ornaments, a trellis (棚架), a sunflower stepping stone and gardening books.
That was three years ago. My garden's now very pretty, just like I wanted. When I go out and weed or tend my flowers, I don't seem to miss my children as much as I once did. It feels like they're right there with me.
I live up in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, where winters are long and cold, and summers are too short. But every year now, when winter sets in, I look out my window and think of the flowers I'll see next spring in my little garden. I think about what my children did for me, and I get tears in my eyes - every time.
I'm still not sure that money grows on trees. But I know love does!(430 words)
1. By saying “Do you see a money tree outside .….,” the mother actually means “________”
A．Observation is the best teacher. B．Seeing is believing.
C．The outsider sees the most of the game. D．It is not easy to gain money
2. The best title for the passage would probably be_______.
A．My flower garden B．Marvin helps to realize my dream
C．Love in Michigan D．Money grows on trees
3. The underlined word “no - frills” in the fifth paragraphs is similar in meaning to_______.
A．wasteful B．tight C．absurd D．helpful
4. From the last but the third paragraph we can infer that the mother is_______
A．divorced when she was young B．not caring for her kids any longer
C．alone but not at all lonely D．prouder with her garden than with her kids.
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
请阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D中），选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。
My parents passed away ten years ago and I miss them terribly. But I know they are with me every day in what they taught me and in the __36__ they gave me. Every morning my father’s message to me was: Remember that __37__ you walk out of this door, you carry responsibility, the good name of this family, the hopes and dreams of your mom and dad. My mother often urged me to __38__ the high standards she set for me.
When I was in high school, I played in a rock band with friends in my class. We were devoted and practiced constantly. We moved past the guys-in-a-garage stage and __39__ to be pretty good, doing getting-paid gigs (演奏会) most weekends, which made me __40__. At that time, though part of me was __41__ up in that band, another part of me was the oldest son in the Clark family, __42__ of my origin and a dedicated student busy applying to colleges. Without even telling my parents, I applied to Harvard. I didn’t think I had much chance of getting in, __43__ I wanted to try. So I was riding around being Mr Cool Rock Musician half of the time, and the other half I was focused on family and __44__ goals. I was running on parallel __45__.
When the group won a city wide Battle of the Bands, things heated up. My band mates had stars in their eyes —— we might be able to make it big. However, I began to feel __46__. I realized I was on quite different tracks: I __47__ was becoming two people, __48__ identities back and forth depending on who I was with. I had to make an option. As I considered my __49__, my parents’ words were right there, helping me to see that my dreams weren’t about signing a record deal, letting my hair grow, and living in a tour bus. So I __50__ out. My bandmasters were __51__. They thought I was crazy to withdraw __52__ the peak of real success. But however successful that band got, I knew it wasn’t in line with my __53__, with my feeling of what I was __54__ to do, with who I was —— it simply wasn’t me.
In that instant and in many others throughout my life, my parent’s advice has helped me recenter and __55__. I could remember who I was —— the hopes and dreams I carried.
36. A. property B. advice C. guide D. aid
37. A. when B. before C. while D. since
38. A. come up with B. stand up to C. live up to D. keep pace with
39. A. got B. failed C. hoped D. attempted
40. A. lost B. disappointed C. confused D. thrilled
41. A. wrapped B. centred C. spent D. offered
42. A. scared B. proud C. guilty D. ashamed
43. A. if B. unless C. until D. yet
44. A. economic B. political C. academic D. literary
45. A. tracks B. ways C. processes D. directions
46. A. confident B. optimistic C. cheerful D. uncomfortable
47. A. exactly B. actually C. eventually D. fortunately
48. A. switching B. acting C. discovering D. seeking
49. A. conditions B. choices C. competence D. health
50. A. gave B. looked C. called D. dropped
51. A. disturbed B. cool C. shocked D. tolerant
52. A. in B. to C. by D. at
53. A. goals B. interests C. personality D. consideration
54. A. meant B. demanded C. forced D. aimed
55. A. recall B. refocus C. rebuild D. reunite
