We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life , but most of us don’t do a very good job . This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech .
So , you have to give a speech—and you’re terrified . You get nervous , you forget what you want to say , you stumble over words , you talk too long , and you bore your audience . Later you think , “Thank goodness , it’s over . I’m just no good at public speaking . I hope I never have to do that again .”
Cheer up ! It doesn’t have to be that bad . Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making . Ask yourself the purpose of your speech . What is the occasion ? Why are you speaking ? Then , gather as many facts as you can on your subject . Spend plenty of time doing your research . Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow . Use as many examples as possible , and use pictures , charts , and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly . Never forget your audience . Don’t talk over their heads , and don’t talk down to them . Treat your audience with respect . They will appreciate your thoughtfulness .
Just remember : be prepared . Know your subject , your audience , and the occasion . Be brief . Say what you have to say and then stop . And be yourself . Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience .
If you follow these simple steps , you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking . In fact , you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet ? Give it a try and see what happens .
1．The main idea of this article is______________ .
A．you can improve your speaking ability B．a poor speaker can never change
C．always make a short speech D．it is hard to make a speech
2．Paragraph 2 implies that______________ .
A．many people are afraid of giving a speech
B．many people are happy to give a speech
C．many people do not prepare for a speech
D．many people talk too long
3．The phrase “talk over their heads” means______________.
A．speak too loudly B．look at the ceiling
C．look down upon them D．use words and ideas that are too difficult
4．All of the following statements are true except that______________.
A．few people know how to make good speeches
B．a lecturer does not need to organize his speech
C．research is important in preparing a speech
D．there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability
5．The title for this passage may be ______________.
A．Do Not Make a Long Speech B．How to Give a Good Speech
C．How to Prepare for a Speech D．Try to Enjoy a Speech
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The human body is a living machine , and , like all machines , it needs “fuel” (燃料) to supply it with energy . This is provided by the food we eat . But how much do we need to stay healthy ?
The energy value of food is usually measured in calories . A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different , as the pictures show . Also , the number of calories you use at any one moment normally depends on the activity you are in . For example , you need more calories for standing than for sitting , more for running than for walking , and so on .
The energy in food is in the form of three kinds of chemical materials-carbohydrate （碳水化合物）, protein（蛋白质）and fat . Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm , protein4.0 Cal/gm , and fat 8.8 Cal/gm . Each food contains different amount of these materials , as the round pictures show .
1．The amount of calories supplied by equal amounts of milk , rice , and peanuts is the largest in the case of .
A．milk B．rice C．peanuts D．rice or peanuts
2．Choose one statement from among A-D that agrees with the passage and the pictures above .
A．You need more calories for swimming than for mountain climbing .
B．Food contains energy in the form of carbohydres , proteins and fuel .
C．Different people need different amounts of energy depending on their age , sex and the activities they are in .
D．3 grams of milk provides 16.6 calories because carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm , protein 4.0 Cal/gm and fat 8.8 Cal/gm .
3．This article mainly tells us ________________.
A．all the energy is in food
B．the human body needs energy
C．the number of calories depends on your activity
D．we must only eat peanuts to get calories
第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of one’s intelligence . But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people .
The so-called ‘non-intelligence factors’（非智力因素）include 36 feelings , will , motivation （动机）, interests and habits . After a 30-year follow-up study of 8000 males , American psychologists （心理学） 37 that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence 38 , but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn , will power and self-confidence .
39 people all know that one should have definite objectives , a strong will and good learning habits , quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to 40 these factors .
Some parents are greatly worried 41 their children fail to do well in their studies . They blame either genetic （遗传的）factors , malnutrition ,（营养不良）or laziness , but they never take 42 consideration these non-intelligence factors . At the same time , some teachers don’t inquire into these , as reasons 43 students do poorly . They simply give them more courses and exercises , or 44 criticize or laugh at them . After all , these students lose self-confidence . Some of them just feel defeated and 45 themselves up as hopeless . Others may go astray（迷途）because they are sick of learning . 46 investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 per cent of them were 47 of learning , because of examinations , 36.4 per cent lacked persistence , initiative （主动）and consciousness （正直地、谨慎的）and 10.3 per cent were sick of learning .
It is clear 48 the lack of cultivation （培养） of non-intelligence factors has been a main 49 to intelligence development in teenagers . It even causes an imbalance between physiological （生理的）and 50 development among a few students .
If we don’t start now to 51 the cultivation of non-intelligence factors , it will not only affect the development of the 52 of teenagers , but also affect the quality of a whole generation . Some experts have put forward 53 about how to cultivate students’ non-intelligence factors .
First , parents and teachers should 54 understand teenage psychology . On this basis , they can help them to pursue （调动）the objectives of learning , 55 their interests and toughening their willpower .
36．A．one’s B．their C．his D．her
37．A．came out B．found out C．made out D．worked out
38．A．in itself B．by itself C．itself D．on its own
39．A．Though B．Nevertheless C．However D．Moreover
40．A．believing B．studying C．cultivating D．developing
41．A．about B．when C．how D．whether
42．A．for B．in C．into D．over
43．A．why B．that C．when D．how
44．A．ever B．even C．still D．more
45．A．put B．get C．handle D．give
46．A．The B．An C．Another D．A
47．A．afraid B．ahead C．aware D．ashamed
48．A．that B．how C．why D．which
49．A．difficulty B．question C．threat D．obstacle(障碍)
50．A．intelligent B．characteristic C．psychological D．physical
51．A．practise B．thrust C．strengthen D．urge
52．A．intelligence B．diligence C．maturity D．performance
53．A．projects B．warnings C．suggestions D．decision
54．A．fully B．greatly C．very D．highly
55．A．insuring B．going C．encouraging D．exciting
We all do more speaking ___________, even when we have a break after class .
A．now and then B．by and by C．step by step D．more or less
Zhang Hong is said___________by heart 2000 words up to now .
A．that she has learned B．to have learned
C．to learn D．having learned
They really have a great time too , designing everything , drawing the blue prints , ___________the angles and so on .
A．looking out B．taking out C．finding out D．figuring out
