第二节：书面表达 (满分30分)
全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文,为“节能减排”献计献策。
背景：随着经济的发展,更多的温室气体被排放,其中大约70％为二氧化碳,这也是全球变暖的主要原因之一。
后果：海平面上升；自然灾害频繁。
措施：1. 多使用清洁能源,少用煤、油；
2. 在可能的情况下以步代车；
3. ……
4. ……
词汇提示：温气体greenhouse gases 二氧化碳CO2 全球变暖global warming
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第二卷（共40分）
第三部分：写作（共四节,满分40分）
第一节：短文改错(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）,并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Like most of my schoolmates, I had neither brothers nor sisters --- in any other words, I am an only child. My parents love me deep of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. They do not want me to do any housework at home, they want me to devote all my time to do my studies so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. We are one family and live under a same roof, but we do not seem to get many time to talk with each other. It looks as if my parents treated me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter? What things are in other families, I wonder.
第二节：Tedy、Rusial、Mr Green、Tim 和Ms Denis 要参观博物馆,第61-65题是他们的个人情况介绍。阅读下面六家英国博物馆的简介（A、B、C、D、E和F）,选出符合个人需要的最佳选项,并在答案纸上将该选项标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
61. Tedy, a young official who is quite interested in photo-taking and sculpture. He spends all his spare time doing his favorite things.
62. Rusial, a beautiful lady with a fair hair, who gives painting lectures to the students in a college. She herself is a super fan of such artists as Da Vinci, Micheangelo, Raphael.
63. Mr. Green, a free careerist, makes a living by writing short plays which mostly tell the history of Great Britain. Besides, he is also a heavy coffee drinker.
64. Tim, 18 years old, a pre-engineering boy student, full of energy and rich in imagination.
65. Ms Denis, a wildlife lover. She takes an active part in protecting the earth and enjoys herself by doing sports.
A. Explore the natural history of the planet Earth from the prehistoric era to the present day at one of London’s most visited museums. In 1881, the Natural History Museum moved to its present venue. Designed by Alfred Waterhouse, this building is now one of London’s most beautiful and most recognized. These holy halls now house more than 300 years’ worth of collections, with over 68 million specimens(标本). Broadly divided into Life and Earth galleries.
B. The British Museum is one of London’s top tourist attractions as well as being a major scholarly resource and Royal history. Its collection was given to the nation in 1753 and the Museum’s distinctive Greek revivalist structure was built during the 19th Century. The collection expanded massively during the hey-day（全盛期）of the British Empire. And if you haven’t got time for a proper visit, drop in for a coffee at the lovely Court Restaurant. Admission: free.
C. This magnificent Georgian edifice, found on the northern side of Trafalgar Square, houses a massive collection of Western European art. Designer Marc Newson presents two new exhibitions to his gallery. The National Gallery, shows the development of the artists. This exhibition traces the rise of the Italian Renaissance artist, and gathers more than 100 pieces of his collection.
D. There are mausoleums, catacombs and richly decorated tombs of outstanding writers, politicians and artists in the overgrown west section of this woodland graveyard. Celebrity dead bodies include Karl Marx, Michael Faraday and Christina Rossetti. Be aware that you must purchase a photography license in order to take photographs within the cemetery. Take advantage of the special guided tours.
E. The Science Museum’s seven floors offer opportunities to explore the history of technology as well as to glimpse the future. Setting off from Launchpad, where you can get to grips with the laws of science, you can move on to a vast display of interactive galleries which demand audience participation—whether it be of the hands-on or brain-stimulating kind. From medical history to nuclear physics, it’s all covered. Challenging the idea amongst many children that science is boring, various things to press, touch, watch and think about make this museum a firm favourite with the kids.
F. Mainly a decorative arts museum, the V&A is a comprehensive collection of everything from sculpture to photographs, from Chinese art to art decor. Among others, the V&A houses the recently redecorated Raphael Gallery, home to seven tapestry cartoons by Raphael that are among Britain’s greatest art treasures and part of the Royal Collection. There is a lot to see from the Becket Casket to the Canon photography.
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination(歧视) have been made illegal. But one popular form continues to exist, that is alphabetism (字母排序法). This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames (姓氏) begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a quite large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with B and C separately and 26 of those before George Bush took office (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi ). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. The same case are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffet and so on).
Can this merely happen by chance? At the start of the first year in primary school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by those teachers. At that time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The unfairness continues. At university graduation parties, the ABCs proudly get their awards first. However, by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are a little tired. Lists of job interviews and conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their readers lose interest as they plough through them.
1. What does the author intend to show with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
A. An example of competition of two kinds of cars. B. Some advantages of AAAA cars in the taxi firm.
C. An example of unfairness caused by alphabetism. D. Some disadvantages of Zodiac cars in the taxi firm.
2. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
A. The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.
B. In both East and West, names are important to success.
C. Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.
D. The discrimination in alphabetism can be found in many areas.
3. The fourth paragraph suggests that .
A. alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
B. teachers should pay equal attention to all their students
C. questions are often put to the more intelligent students
D. students should be seated according to their eyesight
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
B. People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill – treated.
C. Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional unfairness.
D. The movement to get rid of alphabetism still has a long way to go.
Learners report two main difficulties in reading, which may be linked. There are too many unknown words and as a result reading is simply not a pleasure. For some students, even reading in their own language is a chore.
Having a wide vocabulary is essential to making sense of written language. Of course, this is a circular argument, because the more you read the more vocabulary you learn and the more words you know the more easily you can read. Don’t make the mistake of reading with your dictionary beside you, looking up every single new or doubtful word. This is laborious and prevents you from practicing the skill of prediction.
Sometimes in reading you find a word you know but the sense doesn’t seem to fit in. This is not surprising because words have so many meanings and degrees of meaning. What is more, part of their meaning is shaped by the words around them. Keep looking at the surrounding words and asking yourself “what sort of meaning would make sense here?”
The more that people study the reading process, the better they can pass on to language learners a range of advice to choose from. People have learned to read in all kinds of ways. Here is some information that could help you plan to be a better reader in the foreign language you are studying.
1）Work out the general meaning first
When people read in a new language they often feel they must take a detailed approach, focusing on every word, particularly those they don’t know. They read as if they were using a microscope, looking carefully at each of the small pieces（the individual words）, but not necessarily seeing the whole picture at first. This is called the “bottom-up” approach. Other readers try to look first at the big picture（the “top-down” approach）, attending to individual bricks only as necessary, a process that involves some intelligent guesswork. Generally this second approach is recommended by successful learners.
2）Interactive reading
Another way of thinking about reading is to describe it as an interactive process, where the text brings something to you and you bring something to the text. Readers bring together all their knowledge of the world with what they see on the page in front of them. That is why, when reading in our own language, we don’t need to read every word. We add meaning which is not actually stated.
3）From supported reading to independent reading
Language learners start by needing considerable support as they read. Textbooks supply this support in the form of introductions that summaries the contents, glossaries, pictures, explanations of new grammar points. In your reading you need to move gradually from this support to reading more the text itself.
1. According to the author, ________.
A. looking up the dictionary is of great help for the understanding
B. reading more promotes the gaining of vocabulary
C. the more you read, the less useful the dictionary will be
D. the amount of vocabulary is the key to reading
2. Successful learners recommend ________.
A. trying to look first at the big picture B. looking carefully at each of the small pieces
C. focusing on every word D. “bottom-up” approach
3. The word “chore” in the first paragraph maybe means ________.
A. an important aspect B. a difficult and tiring thing
C. an easy question D. something special
4. You come across a new or doubtful word when you are reading, you can ________.
A. just miss it and let it be B. keep looking at the surrounding words
C. look it up in the dictionary each time D. make sense of it with the help of dictionary
Dye (染料) call bring a little colour to life. Most clothing is coloured with dyes. Modern，manufactured dyes can be costly. Natural dyes from plant and animal products have been used since ancient times. Here we describe a natural way to dye wool.
There are several methods to put dye onto material. The vat（缸）method，for example，can be used to dye wool with onionskins. For this example，use one hundred grams of natural woo1. The wool must be clean. Leave it overnight in water and liquid soap. Then wash it with clean water that is a little warm. Gently squeeze out the extra water.
A solution called a mordant (媒染) is used in the dying process. A mordant helps fix the dye to the material. Traditionally, mordants were found in nature. Wood ash is one example. But chemical mordants such as alum（矾）are popular today. Alum is sold in many stores. It is often mixed with cream of tartar, a fine powder commonly used in cooking.
Mix eight grams of alum with seven grams of cream of tartar in a small amount of hot water. Add the solution to a metal pan of cool water. Next, add the wool and place the mixture over heat. Slowly bring the liquid to eighty-two degrees Celsius. Heat the mixture for forty five minutes. After it cools, remove the wool and wash it.
To prepare the dye solution, cover thirty grams of onionskins with water. Use only the dry，brown outer skins. Boil the liquid until the onionskins lose their colour, about forty—five minutes. Remove the skins after the dye cools.
Now it is time to dye the wool. Place the wool into the dye and heat the mixture. Bring it to a boil，then immediately reduce the heat to eighty-two degrees. Now heat the dye for about forty-five minutes or until the wool is the desired colour. Keep in mind that wet wool looks darker than it is.
Once the dye cools, remove the wool and wash it. Now the wool is orange or yellow. Or at least it should be.
1. According to the passage, mordants are ___________.
A. dyes used in the dying process B. materials which will be put dye to
C. wood ashes used in the dying process D. not dyes but play an important role in the dying process
2. Which of the following statements about “natural dyes” is TRUE?
A. They might be cheaper than chemical dyes. B. They are more expensive than chemical dyes.
C. They have been used for only recent years. D. They are all made from animal products.
3. As for the vat method，which of the following things is NOT necessarily needed?
A. Ash. B. Water. C. Mordant. D. Temperature.
4. Choose the proper order of dying wool：
a. boil the liquid with onionskins
b. add mordants to a metal pan of cool water ,put the wool into it and heat the mixture
c. wash the wool with clean water after it is left overnight in water and liquid soap
d. put the wool into the dye and heat it
A. c, b, a, d B. d, c, d, a C. b, a, d, c D. a, b, c, d
