Some years ago, a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together．Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building．The police determined that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them．However, her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear．Several days later, psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman．His interview produced a breakthrough—the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects．The important information enabled the police to arrest the suspect and close the case．
The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive interview, a kind of memory - rebuilding process．Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often only recall part of the relevant information．Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress．But a person's accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific interviewing techniques．The "cognitive interview" was developed in the late 1990s．It encourages the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions．The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different perspectives （角度） ．
The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events; reporting everything that comes to mind about those events, no matter how broken it is retelling events in a variety of time orders, such as from beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward; and adopting different perspectives while recalling events．
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same．It is proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of witness testimony （证词）．
1. The purpose of the passage is to _____．
A．give an account of a murder case
B．introduce an idea of cognitive interview
C．prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview
D．help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview
2. What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness?
A．The exact time at which a murder took place．
B．The information about the event in the time order．
C．The important things that come to his or her mind．
D．The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event．
3. The key point in a cognitive interview is that
A．the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information
B．the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time
C．the interview should take place outside the police station
D．the witness should recall details at the scene of the event
4. The underlined word "distorted" in the passage probably means " ____
A．arranged B．balanced C．changed D．examined
Blind photography sounds strange．But a striking exhibition of photographs in California argues that it develops as a result of the contemporary art．The show "Sight Unseen", at the California Museum of Photography until Aug．29, includes everything: underwater scenes, landscapes, abstracts and everything else you might expect from a "sighted" photographer．
How do the blind take their photographs? Some rely on assistants to set up and then describe the shots （镜头） , and others just point and shoot in the right place．"Just like any good artists," says McCulloh．"They have their unique ways of operating．" One participating photographer is Pete Eckert, an artist with multiple degrees in design and sculpture who only turned to photography after losing his vision in the mid-1990s．He opens the shutter （快门） on his camera and then uses flashlights, lights, and candies to paint his scene on film．A former fashion photographer in Chicago, Weston, lost his vision due to AIDS in 1996 and focuses on images of destruction and disability．His photos are also a star of the show．
What do gallery-goers say? "I was very impressed by it．The technique and experience was amazingly different," says John Hesketh, a printmaker in Anaheim．"You never have a sense of feeling sorry for these people because they've worked very hard to prove their value．"
Beyond the praise, however, the exhibition also makes a great example for disabled people everywhere．That point was explained in early May during a discussion on the TV show．At the very end of the talk, one attendee expressed his opinion．"This exhibition is extraordinary and revolutionary for many reasons．I think that by being an artist with a disability, you are continuing the work of those people who fought for basic civil rights to gain access and to have a voice．In that way, it's so wonderful that your photographs say it all．"
1. From the passage we know that some blind people take photos by ________.
A．describing the things to their assistants
B．holding the camera and shooting randomly
C．opening the shutter with the help of others
D．using special equipment designed for them
2. We can learn from the passage that blind photographers ______
A．were not born blind
B．do jobs related to art
C．focus on different subjects
D．like photos of destruction
3. What is people's reaction to the blind photography show?
A．They admire the blind photographers' hard work．
B．They feel really sorry for those blind photographers．
C．They think some have good techniques while others not．
D．They can understand the real meaning of each photograph．
4. The significance of the exhibition lies in the fact that ______．
A．the California Museum of Photography receives praises for holding the show
B．the public have a chance to know what the blind people are concerned about
C．the blind photographers have a good place to show their works
D．the exhibition can be very inspiring to the blind in the world
第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项 (A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
People living in the UK take quite a few holidays abroad and in this country each year．Choices made about where to go, how to get there and what to do while there can either benefit or harm the environment．
While on holiday
Many of the things you can do to be greener on holiday will be the same things you can do at home—but there are also some extra things too, like avoiding gifts made from endangered plants and animals．Here are some suggestions:
●Making the most of locally produced food and drink, and local activities and attractions will support people in the area you are visiting and reduce the need for further environmental influence from transport;
●Switching off any air conditioning, heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect;
●Save water—some countries suffer from water shortages and saving water can help avoid damage to our natural habitats （栖息地）.
Endangered species （物种）
Some gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals．Check before you buy, but if you doubt, avoid animal and plant gifts．More details of the types of products to avoid and illegal trade hotspots can be found on the Souvenir Alert webpage．
Making a positive contribution to the place you are visiting
There are ways in which your holiday can help support local people and the environment;
●There are many opportunities to volunteer and help with projects that conserve and improve natural habitats;
●When you are away, or if you are looking for somewhere to visit, you can support projects or attractions which protect wildlife, such as nature reserves and conservation projects．
1. According to the passage, we can ________ to help reduce climate change effect
A．make good use of water
B．buy local food and drink
C．save electricity
D．go around on foot
2. We should check the gifts and foods before buying because ________．
A．sometimes they are of poor quality
B．they may not be typical local products
C．some of them will do harm to our health
D．they may be made from endangered animals or plants
3. We can infer from the passage that ________．
A．it is not easy for people to travel abroad
B．not everyone can tell an illegal souvenir
C．green holidays have been accepted by people
D．volunteer work is a must for protecting natural habitats
4．The passage is mainly about _________ .
A．travel dos and don'ts
B．the harm done to the environment
C．greener choices for holiday
D．tips on protecting endangered species
第二节：完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1.5分,满30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Nearly two decades has passed, I still remember my favourite professor, James Sehwartz. Whenever he smiles ,it’s as if you’d just been told the funniest joke on earth .Almost all his students are his friends, and almost all his students know his life story.
When James was a teenager, his father 31 him to a fur factory where he worked. This was during the Great Depression. The 32 was to get James a job.
He entered the factory, and immediately felt as if the 33 had closed in around him. The room was dark and hot, the windows covered with dust, and the 34 were packed tightly together, running like trains. The fur hairs were flying, 35 a thickened air ,and the workers, 36 the pieces of fur together, were bent over their needles 37 the boss marched up and down the rows ,searching for them to go faster .James could hardly 38 . He stood next to his father, frozen with fear, hoping the boss wouldn’t 39 at him , too.
During lunch break, his father took James to the boss and pushed him in front of him, 40 if there was any work for his son. But 41 there was barely enough 42 for the adult labours ,for no one would give it up once he takes a job.
Thus, for James, it was a 43 . He hated the place. He made a 44 that he kept to the end of his like: he would never do any work that brought 45 to someone else ,and he would never allow himself to 46 money off the seat of others.
“What will you do?” his mother, Eva, would ask him.
“I don’t know,” he 47 say. He ruled out law, because he didn’t like 48 , and he ruled out medicine , because he couldn’t take the 49 of blood.
“What will you do?”
50 , my best professor I ever had became he thought it was the job not to hurt anybody.
31．A．sent B．took C．carried D．admitted
32．A．situation B．condition C．idea D．attitude
33．A．lights B．floors C．chances D．walls
34．A．goods B．workers C．machines D．vehicles
35．A．creating B．sending C．taking D．disturbing
36．A．collecting B．pulling C．drawing D．sewing
37．A．as B．after C．if D．though
38．A．breathe B．see C． walk D．hear
39．A．attack B．scold C．defeat D．scream
40．A．doubting B．questioning C．asking D．demanding
41．A．also B．still C．yet D．even
42．A．time B．work C．office D．occupation
43．A．comforting B．regretting C．blessing D．forgiving
44．A．request B．promise C．plan D．arrangement
45．A．harm B．injury C．damage D．inconvenience
46．A．pay B．save C．make D．let
47．A．should B．would C．could D． might
48．A．police B．lawyers C．judges D．government
49．A．sight B．feel C．sense D．scenery
50．A．Generally B．Luckily C．Eventually D．Basically
They had to move away _________ there might be another earthquake.
A. no wonder that B. no doubt that C. in case that D. for fear that
The song is about a couple forced to separate _________, but they valued the memories of their love all their lives.
A. casually B. permanently C. temporarily D. frequently
