C
I believe that animals possess greater intelligence than most people think. But plants? I've never considered the possibility of plant intelligence. The idea seems absurd.
Yet I've had friends argue that plant intelligence might exist. "What are the differences between plants and animals?" they ask, and then they argue about certain species that seem to share the intelligence of both plants and animals.
New research suggests that plants communicate via "networks". Plant communication is not idea, and cannot indicate that its is a kind of intelligence, but it is still interesting.
Recent research from Vidi researcher Josef Stuefer at the Radboud University Nijmegen shows that plants have their own chat systems that they can use to warn each other. Therefore plants are not boring and passive organisms that just stand there waiting to be cut down or eaten up. Many plants form internal communication networks and are able to exchange information networks and are able to exchange information efficiently.
Many herbal plants such as strawberries and clovers (三叶草)naturally form networks.
Individual plants remain connected with each other for a certain period of time by means of runners (plant stems that grow along the ground and put down roots to form new plants). These connections enable the plants to share information with each other via internal channels. They are therefore very similar to computer networks. But what do plants chat to each other about?
Recently Stuefer and his colleagues were the first to prove that clover plants warn each other via the network links if danger is nearby . If one of the plants is attacked by caterpillars (毛虫)，the other members of the network are warned via an internal signal. Once warned the intact (完好无损的)plants strengthen their chemical and mechanical (机体的)resistance so that they are less attractive to advancing caterpillars. Thanks to this early warning system, the plants can stay one step ahead of their attackers. The research has shown that this significantly limits the damage to the plants.
Again, I don't believe this reflects intelligence, but it's is certainly fascinating.
66.The author thinks that the plant communication .
A.is absolutely a new idea
B.is a sign of plant intelligence
C.is related to animal communication
D.is interesting and fascinating
67.Clover plants warn each other when danger is nearby by .
A.making sounds
B.releasing chemicals
C.strengthening mechanical resistance
D.sending internal signals
68.Which of the following statements about the research is NOT true?
A.Most plants have no chat system and are passive organisms.
B.Individual plants can also remain connected with each other.
C.The communication between clover plants can protect them from damage.
D.The research is the first to show how clover plants warn each other.
69.The author's attitude towards plant intelligence is
A. unconcerned B. doubtful C. positive D. hopeful
70" What's the best title for the passage?
A.Does Plant Communication Really Exist?
B.Some Discoveries About Clover Plant
C.Does Plant Communication Imply Intelligence?
D.A New Study on Plant Communication
B
Canadian scientists have found that the more emotional or mental challenges a person faces in a day, the less determined they become to work out physically.
However, the findings should not stop us from keeping fit. Experts believe that willpower (意志力)is like a muscle ， and needs to be exercised to help one avoid the temptation (诱惑)spending a night on the couch instead.
Kathleen Martin 一 Ginis, a professor of kinesiology 一 the science of movement 一 who led the study, says everyone has a limited amount of willpower, and that it will be reduced by stress. Miss Martin 一 Ginis, of Canada' s McMaster University, explains, "Cognitive (认知的)tasks, as well as tasks such as regulating (调整)one' s emotions, can reduce one' s capacity to force oneself to exercise."
Her team of scientists performed a so — called " Stroop" test on volunteers to reach their conclusions. The experiment involved showing participants words associated with colors but printed in different colors - for example ， the word " blue " written in red ink . ' Participants were divided into two groups. One group was asked to name the color of the ink ， instead to say the printed word ， while the other wasn't Martin ― Ginis says ， " After we used this cognitive task to use up their self 一 regulatory capacity, the participants didn't exercise as hard as those who had not performed the task. ，， The more people concentrated on the cognitive task ， the more likely they were to skip exercise sessions (活动时间)over the next eight week. You only have so much willpower .
However, there are ways to strengthen willpower. The study found the listening to music before going to the gym can help, as well as making a commitment to work out with friends. It also concluded that willpower can be stretched by constantly cake ， or forcing oneself to study an extra hour each night.
Martin - Ginis adds, "There are strategies people can use to help revitalize (使恢复活动) themselves after they’ve used up their self 一 regulation. Willpower is like a muscle ： it needs to be used to stay strong.
61.According to the experts, human willpower .
A.can be exercised through muscle movement
B.can regulate itself to resist temptations
C.is weakened by stressful cognitive or emotional tasks
D.is reduced by lack of physical exercise.
62.We learn from Paragraph 4 that the experiment .
A.made use of the Stroop test
B.asked one group of participants to name the words
C.required researchers to write the word "blue" in red ink to make it easily recognizable.
D.showed that those who hadn't performed the task were smarter than those who had
63.All the following are ways to strengthen one's willpower EXCEPT________
A.listening to music before doing exercise
B.promising to work out with friends
C.training oneself repeatedly to resist temptations
D.forcing oneself to do the same thing each day
64.Which of the following is in agreement with Miss Martin ― Ginis' idea?
A.Human's willpower is limited to a certain level
B.The cognitive tasks could make people ignore exercise
C.Challenging tasks could make people ignore exercise
D.Exercise is an important way to strengthen one's willpower.
65.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Willpower can be challenged to become powerful.
B.McMaster University is famous for its kinesiology.
C.Effective ways to resist temptations have been found.
D.the study has an impact on the science of movement.
PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked with A, S, C and D, Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.
A
Matt Scott, who was born with spina bifida (脊柱裂)，grew up in Detroit, Michigan, where he participated in a variety of sports alongside his healthy friends. Now as a member of University of Wisconsin -Whitewater wheelchair basketball team, Scott has won four national championships, and hats' recently been selected to the Paralympic team for the second time. The 23 ― year 一 old college senior owes his achievements to his hard work and the support of his friends and family, who never allowed him to use his disability as an excuse. "My mother was always great. Whenever I felt giving up, she had no sympathy. She really helped me build my independence by not babying me the way other mothers would have," Scott says.
It was Scott' s independent nature and strong will, along with his on - the - court skills, that attracted the attention of America's most influential sports apparel (衣服)company, Nike. Nike was searching for an athlete with a disability to represent its "Just Do It " trademark. A handful of superstar athletes with disabilities came to audition for the role, but the company picked Scott to star in the 30 一 second commercial.
"I think that they were looking for the prettiest face in America, and found me," Scott jokes about the selection process.
After being picked, Scott flew to California to film the commercial with Oscar - winning documentary director Errol Morris. The ad gave Scott celebrity (名人)status in the community of disabled athletes. He's been asked to speak at a number of disability - related events, and feels it's his duty to use the media to draw attention to those with disabilities. "I've been given a voice, and I want to do whatever I can to break down the social barriers that are still faced by disabled athletes, and make people realize that they have a very high athletic level," Scott says.
56.When Scott was young, ?
A.he only played basketball with other disabled children
B.he became disabled during a basketball match
C.his friends looked down upon him during basketball matches
D.his mother didn't give him special treatment
57.Nike chose Scott to star in its commercial for his ________.
a. pretty appearance b. independent nature
c. strong will d. excellent basketball skills
e. status in the community of disabled athletes
A. bee B. ade C. abd D. bed
58.The underlined phrase "audition for " in the second paragraph means " ".
A. try out for B. look out for C. take on D. pick out
59.Which of the following about Scott is TRUE?
A.He has graduated from the University of Wisconsin ― Whitewater.
B.He thinks it's unwise for the disabled to use disability as an excuse.
C.He starred in a commercial together with Errol Morris.
D.He thinks it's important to have many goals.
60.To Scott, the most important result of the ad was that .
A.it made people realize the athletic talent of the disabled
B.it gave him a chance to show his basketball skills
C.he could do more for disabled athletes
D.he was selected to the Paralympic team again
SECTION C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using ONE word that best fits the context.
If foreigners want to drive a car in China, they must have a Chinese license. That is 48 international driver licenses are not valid in China . But foreigners who have a driving license issued by their home countries can apply for a 49 driving license and drive in China 50 having to take the related tests.
51, they need to attend lessons to study Chinese road safety rules before they drive in China. And they can only drive small cars. The temporary license can be valid for three months at most. The valid period cannot be made 52 .
In addition, the temporary driving license should be used 53 the driving license issued in their home country. Foreigners should always take these two licenses with 54 in case the traffic police ask them to show these licenses.
If you drive in China, you must understand that most drivers are new. Every day, hundreds of brand-new cars are driven by brand-new drivers. They don't have much 55 on the road. So, be careful.
SECTION B
Directions ； For each blank in the following passage there are four words of phrases marked with A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with a word that best fits the context.
This is a true story about something that happened between a customer of General Motors and its Customer - Care Executive (客服主管).The following complaint was received by General Motors. "???It may sound crazy, but it's a fact that every time I buy a 36 ice cream, and come back from the store, my car won't start. If I get any other kind of ice cream, the car starts 37 fine, why?" The executive was 38 about the letter, but sent an engineer to check it out anyway.
The 39 made three visits to the store with the customer. The first time, he got chocolate ice cream. The car started. The second time, he ordered strawberry. The car started. The third time he got vanilla. The car failed to start. The engineer 40 to believe that the man's car was allergic (过敏的)to vanilla ice cream. He 41 his visits, and noted all sorts of data: the types of gas used and the time it took to drive back and forth.
Soon he came a clue: it took the man less 42 to buy vanilla than any other flavor (味道). Why? The answer was in the layout (布局)of the store. Vanilla, as the most 43 flavor, was in the front of the store for quick pickup. All the other flavors were kept further back, where it took longer to buy them.
Time was now the 44 not the vanilla ice cream！ The engineer quickly put forward an answer: “engine trouble." The extra time taken to get any other flavor 45 the engine to cool down longer. When the man got vanilla, the engine was still too hot to start.
Even crazy 一 looking problems can be real. What really 46 is your attitude to the problem.
Don't just say something is "IMPOSSIBLE" without putting a sincere effort into 47 it out. If you look closer, you may discover that it's possible after all.
36. A. chocolate B. strawberry C. vanilla D. banana
37. A. just B. only C. still D. ever
38. A. worried B. crazy C. doubtful D. cheerful
39. A. customer B. engineer C. executive D. shopkeeper
40. A. pretended B. decided C. struggled D. refused
41. A. stopped B. continued C. valued D. repeated
42. A. time B. effort C. cost D. speed
43. A. strange B. familiar C. terrible D. popular
44. A. effect B. reason C. problem D. solution
45. A. prevented B. encouraged C. let D. allowed
46. A. matters B. impresses C. bothers - D, concerns
47. A. looking B. figuring C, trying D. testing
.It is uncertain whether the medicine will work on the this cold,________？
A, is it B. isn't it C, will it D. won't it
