Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze(注视) of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.
Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an-honesty box alongside a kettle ,with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.
Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. They effect may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.
"If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we're being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us, "Dr. Bateson said.
"We thought we'd get a slight effect with eyes, but it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious(潜意识的) level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to."
The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could promote ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.
1.This passage is mainly about _______________.
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A．the policy of honesty |
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B．an honesty box to collect money |
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C．evolution on honesty |
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D．an experiment on honesty |
2.The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers _____________.
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A．wanted to get a comparatively more exact result |
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B．had known they wanted to do something illegally |
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C．meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues |
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D．intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price |
3.People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because _____________.
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A．they want to leave a good impression |
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B．they fear to be laughed at by others |
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C．they've got the nature through evolution |
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D．they take the photo for a real pair of eyes |
4.The underlined phrase" sheds light on" in the last paragraph means _____.
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A．causes somebody to become cheerful |
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B．makes something easier to understand |
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C．comes upon something by accident |
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D．brings something into the broad daylight |
You can be proud of yourselves, even if you can only make one or two of these green changes. The goal here is to limit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are closely associated to the big problem of global-warming.
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Strategy 1: Bring your own cup to Starbucks |
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You'll get a 10-cent discount, and it's one less paper cup to end up in a dustbin |
The store won't create more waste when they throw away a cup |
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Strategy 2: Turn off your computer |
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When in standby mode, your PC is still using energy |
Turning off a monitor for 40 hours a week may only save $ 5 a month, but it reduces CO2 by 750 pounds |
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Strategy 3: Reuse plastic bags |
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Instead of throwing away 100 billion plastic bags a year, try and get a second, third, or tenth use out of them. Better yet, next time you shop, try a reusable bag |
You're reducing pollution. The amount of oil it would take to make just 14 plastic bags would run your car for one mile |
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Strategy 4: Use recycled paper in the bathroom |
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Most of the toilet paper we use is made from trees found in forests previously untouched by humans |
If every household replaced one roll of toilet paper with a recycled one,424,000trees would still be standing. Look for eco paper towels too |
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Strategy 5: Buy energy-efficient appliances(电器) |
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Replace the old fridge with an Energy Star appliance and you'll use 15 percent less energy. It might be a little expensive to buy, but you'll save money on your electricity bills and help the environment |
If we all used one Energy Star appliance at home, it would be like planting 1.7 million acres of new trees |
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Strategy 6: Plant a tree |
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Adding green to your garden is beautiful and earth-pleasing |
Just one tree will help make cleaner air and save the environment from 5, 000 pounds of hot carbon dioxide each year |
1.What is the best title for the passage?
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A．Strategies to Save Money |
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B．Ways to be Earth-Friendly |
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C．Strategies to End Global-Warming |
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D．Ways to Limit Carbon Dioxide |
2.According to the writer, what will happen if our PC is switched off when not in use?
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A．It will help to save a large amount of money. |
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B．It will help to reduce a great deal of CO2. |
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C．It will save the amount of oil that runs your car for a mile. |
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D．It will be like planting 1.7 million acres of new trees. |
3.Which strategies suggest recycling or reuse of things?
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A．Strategies 1 & 3. |
B．Strategies 2 & 5. |
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C．Strategies 3 & 6. |
D．Strategies 4 & 5. |
4.What benefits do these strategies have in common?
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A．They all help reduce the use of energy like electricity. |
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B．They all cut down the amount of the use of paper. |
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C．They all result in producing less greenhouse gases. |
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D．They all aid to preserve our trees and forest. |
Maybelle said she wouldn't be coming with me to the library. I asked why, and she said she could get all the short stories she wanted off the Internet. Saved walking all the way to the library, and putting up with my long chat on the way there, and on the way back. Maybelle is very direct like that, always has been.
"But, Maybelle, we've been walking to the library every' Monday for the last fifty years!"
She said," Why don't you get Internet'? We can send each other emails."
So I had to get Internet. I called the local high school. They said they'd send me a good student to tell me all about computers and such.
Evil thing, this Internet. Makes you lose old friends, forces you to learn new complex ideas, even if you're too old. But Maybelle said you have to be modern; otherwise, you're dead.
The kid came the next day. Tall skinny black kid, by tile name of Arsenius, said his work would cost me.
I said, "All right. As long as I get Internet."
"You need a computer, then you need to get hooked up," he said.
"Let's buy a computer and get hooked up, then."
"How much you want to spend?"
"Whatever it takes."
"How many rams you want?"
I wasn't going to show him my ignorance, so I said, "Whatever it takes."
"Let's go to the mall. You got a car?"
"In the garage."
When I opened the garage door, he gasped. Daddy's car is still there, a'57 Chevy. I never drive it. Walk everywhere.
I said," Let's walk. It's only a mile or so."
He said," Let's drive, or you will faint on me in this heat."
"Young man, I don't faint, never have. We're walking."
"I get paid by the hour," he said. "Walking will cost you a lot more. Also, you feel like carrying a computer a mile or so?"
1.What kind of person is Maybelle?
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A．She always says what she means in an honest way. |
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B．She no longer likes reading in her old age. |
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C．She doesn't want to be friends with the writer any mort. |
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D．She doesn't want to keep up with the time. |
2.Why does the writer want to have Internet at his place?
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A．Because the writer believes that one is never too old to learn. |
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B．Because the writer thinks that it is better late than never. |
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C．Because of the pressure from people of his age. |
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D．Because of the convenience the Internet will bring. |
3.Arsenius gives _________ reasons for driving to the mall.
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A．two |
B．three |
C．four |
D．five |
It was just getting dark. There was a touch of fog and I was on a lonely stretch of road. 36 I was going along cheerfully, thinking about the dinner I would eat when I got to Salistury .
I was going along 37 at about thirty-five miles an hour when suddenly I heard a scream, a 38 scream--- “ Help! ” I looked round, but the only 39 of life was a large, black, rather suspicious--looking（可疑的）car just 40 a bend in the road about a hundred yards away. That was where the cry had come from. I 41 speed and went after it. I think the driver saw what I was doing, for he did the same and began to draw 42 me. As I drew near, the girl’s voice came again, a lovely voice but trembling with 43 .
“Let me go, you coward; you’re hurting me. Oh ! Oh ! ”
I felt my 44 boil. The fog was coming down 45 now, and the countryside was lonelier. I had no 46 that the murderous guy in the car noticed this. Again came a cry.
“Drop that knife, you fool. Oh ! ” Then a cry and a groan（呻吟）.
If I was to save her, it was now or 47 . Perhaps even now I was too late. But if I couldn’t save the girl, I would at least try to bring the murderer to 48 . The car was only a couple of yards away now. I drove the bike right across its 49 , and its brakes（刹车）screamed as the driver tried to pull it over and 50 into the ditch（沟）at the side of the road. The door of the car was pushed open angrily and a dark, evil-looking fellow stepped out .
“You fool!” he shouted as he came towards me with his fist raised to hit me. But I was 51 than he. I put all I could into 52 that would have knocked out Joe Louis. It 53 him right on the point of the chin; his 54 slowly bent under him, and he dropped to the ground without a sound. I rushed to the car, 55 open the door and looked inside. There was no girl there. Suddenly from the back of the car came a voice.
“You have been listening to a radio play, Murder in Hollywood, with Mae Garbo and Clark Taylor. The news will follow immediately . ”
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The detective, ________ to read a newspaper, glanced at the man ________ next to a woman.
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A．pretending; seat |
B．pretending; seated |
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C．pretended; seat |
D．pretended; seated |
2010 was a good year for American farmers. They earned about eighty-two billion dollars. That is almost one-third more than that they earned last year. And it is twenty-six percent higher than the ten-year average. Values for grain and oilseed crops are up about three percent from last year. The value of animal production is up by almost seven percent.
In 2011, farm exports are expected to break the all-time high set in 2008.The Agriculture Department says exports in 2011 could top one hundred and twenty-six billion dollars. The largest buyer of agricultural products is expected to be Canada. But farm exports to China are predicted to come within five hundred million dollars of Canadian purchases. Secretary Vilsack says countries in Southeast Asia and the Middle East are also buying more from American farmers.
Poor growing conditions overseas played an important part in higher prices for American crops in 2010.Charlotte Hebe brand is chief executive of the International Food and Agricultural Trade Policy Council in Washington. She said drought(干旱)conditions had a big effect over the summer. She said,“There were horrible weather problems, not just in Russia but also in some of the other former Soviet Union countries.”
Wheat prices rose after Russia stopped wheat exports,although Russia later eased the ban(禁令).“Wheat used to be America’s top crop. What’s interesting,though,is that wheat production has actually become less over the past few years because corn has become the most popular crop,”said economist Charlotte Hebebrand.
Corn is mostly fed to animals. But Miss Hebebrand said with the recent increase in wheat prices, American farmers might plant more wheat again. Corn and wheat are the two largest crops supported by the government.
1.We know that compared to 2009,in 2010 American farmers——.
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A．planted less corn |
B．planted morn crops |
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C．planted morn wheat |
D．earned more money |
2.What does the Agriculture Department expect in 2011?
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A． Agriculture exports will continue to increase. |
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B． China will be the largest buyer of agriculture products |
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C． America will export food to every country around the world |
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D． Southeast Asian countries will start buying food from America |
3.What is implied in Paragraph 3?
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A． America farming also was greatly affected in 2010 |
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B． Russia was not the country most affected by drought in 2010 |
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C． Weather problems helped raise prices for American crops in 2010 |
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D． American crops were the most expensive around the world in 2010 |
4.We can infer that in the past few years American farmers——
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A． reduced crop exports |
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B． increased corn production |
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C． increased wheat production |
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D． increased investment in farming |
5.According to what Miss Hebebrand said, we know American farmers will ——
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A．stop feeding corn to animals |
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B．export most of their corn |
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C．try to increased wheat production |
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D．try to get more support from the governmet |
