In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business, but he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.
The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype. Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s process. In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things.
Matthew Brady was one well-known American photographer. He took many portraits of famous people. The portraits were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality.
In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film ready-made in rolls. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive. With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They called these pictures “snapshots”.
Photography also turned into a form of art by the end the 19th century, some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
1.Matthew Brady was well-known for _______.
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A．inventing daguerreotype |
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B．taking pictures of French cities |
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C．taking portraits of famous people |
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D．inventing the first camera |
2.The new inventions in photography made it possible for ________.
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A．Brady to take pictures of famous people |
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B．anyone to be a photographer |
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C．only rich people to take pictures |
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D．people to use daguerreotype |
3.Photography can also be an art form because artists can _________.
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A．take pictures to show the real world |
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B．make documentaries |
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C．show ideas and feelings in pictures |
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D．copy old pictures |
Now, we know that if we do not get enough vitamins, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. As a result, vitamin supplements（补品），though expensive, are popular with people who worry that they are not getting enough vitamins from the foods they eat. But contrary to what many people think, medical experts have found little evidence that most supplements do anything to improve health or protect against disease.
In fact, medical experts warn that taking too many of some vitamins can be harmful. For example, too much vitamin E can cause bleeding. People should discuss what vitamins they take with their doctors, as some vitamins can produce harmful side effects when mixed with medicines.
Experts, however, do say that sometimes vitamins can help prevent disease. People who know they lack a particular vitamin should take vitamin supplements. Some older adults, for example, may not have enough vitamin B-twelve. This is because, as people get older, their body loses its ability to take it from foods. Also, people who spend much time inside may need some extra vitamin D as the skin makes this vitamin from sunlight.
Different vitamins are found in different foods. Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil. It also is in the yellow part of eggs. Sweet potatoes, carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A. Vitamin B-twelve is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods, like fruits. Vitamin K can be found in pork products.
In fact, for most people, a balanced diet can ensure enough of the vitamins our bodies need. So, it is important for us to eat a mixture of foods every day to ensure that we get enough vitamins our bodies need.
1.Vitamin supplements are popular with people because ________.
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A．people mistakenly think that they are good for their health |
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B．they contain more vitamins than the foods people eat |
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C．food does not provide enough vitamins people need |
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D．people fear that a lack of vitamins will lead to disease |
2.From the passage, we can learn that medical experts advise people _________.
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A．never to take any vitamin supplements |
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B．to depend only on food for their vitamins |
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C．not to take any vitamins together with medicines |
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D．to consult doctors before taking vitamin supplements |
3.For people who lack Vitamin B-twelve, they can eat more from _______.
A. sweet potatoes B. pork products C. green leafy vegetables D. eggs
42. What would be the best title of the passage?
A. Getting enough vitamins through a balanced diet.
B. Vitamin supplements do harm to our health.
C. Vitamins are important to our health.
D. Lacking vitamins can cause many diseases.
Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history.
Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.
Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.
Animals are more than beautiful or interesting or a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.
For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied(繁殖) quickly.
Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.
Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.
1.Why do people kill animals?
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A．They kill animals for something they need. |
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B．They kill animals to raise some money. |
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C．Animals destroy their natural resources. |
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D．Animals create many problems. |
2. Animals are important to us mainly because ______.
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A．they give us a source of food |
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B．they are beautiful and lovely |
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C．they keep the balance of nature |
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D．they give us a lot of pleasure |
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
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A．People care much about animals because they need them. |
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B．Once a certain kind of animal is gone forever, there will never be any more. |
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C．Killing all rats and mice may cause some new problems. |
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D．People must not kill any animal or plant. |
As she walked round the large shop, Edith realized how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas 16 for her father.
She 17 that he were as easy to please as her mother, who was 18 satisfied with perfume(香水). 19, shopping at this time of the year was not a most 20 job. People 21 on your feet, pushed you with their shoulders and almost 22 you over in their hurry in order to 23 something cheap ahead of you.
Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter, where some beautiful ties were on 24. "They are 25 silk," the shop assistant told her with a smile trying to 26 her to buy one. But Edith knew from past 27 that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
She moved on slowly and then, quite by chance, 28 where a small crowd of men had gathered round a counter. She found some fine pipes on sale and the 29 were very beautiful. Edith did not hesitate for long, although her father 30 smoked a pipe once in a while, she believed this was 31 to please him.
When she got home, with her small but 32 present hidden in her handbag, it was time for supper and her parents were already 33 table. Her mother was in great 34. "Your father has at last decided to stop smoking," she told her daughter happily. Edith was so 35 that she could not say a single word.
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The professor explained this theory so clearly that this phenomenon was easy enough ________.
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A．for us to work out |
B．working out |
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C．for working out |
D．to working out |
They desired that they __________ the right to attend the meeting.
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A．had |
B．have |
C．are |
D．were |
