Susan Sontag (1933 ------ 2004) was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything----- to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American culture life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. With great effort and serious judgment, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.
Seriousness was one of Sontag’s lifelong watchwords (格言), but at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poorly-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture. In Notes Camp, the 1964 essay that first made her name, she explained what was then a little-known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous. Notes on Camp, she wrote, represents “a victory of ‘form’ over ‘content’, ‘beauty’ over ‘morals’”.
By conviction she was a sensualist (感觉论者), but by nature she was a moralist, and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s, it was the latter side of her that came forward. In Illness as Metaphor ------published in 1978, after she suffered cancer ------ she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed (被压抑的) personalities, a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact, re-examining old positions was her lifelong habit.
In America, her story of a 19th century Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California, won the National Book Award in 2000. But it was as a tireless, all-purpose cultural view that she made her lasting fame.
“Sometimes,” she once said, “I feel that, in the end, all I am really defending… is the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness.” And in the end, she made us take it seriously too.
1.It is implied but not stated in the first paragraph that Sontag _________.
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A．was a symbol of American cultural life |
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B．developed world literature, film and artzxxk |
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C．published many essays about world culture |
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D．kept pace with the newest development of world culture |
2.She first won her name through _________.
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A．publishing essays in magazines like Partisan Review |
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B．her story of a Polish actress |
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C．her explanation of a set of difficult understandings |
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D．her book Illness as Metaphor |
3.From the works Susan published in the 1970s and 1980s, we can learn that ________.
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A．she was more of a moralist than a sensualist |
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B．she was more of a sensualist than a moralist |
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C．she believed repressed personalities mainly led to illness |
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D．she would like to re-examine old positions |
4.According to the passage, Susan Sontag would agree to the ideas except _________.
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A．We should try hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. |
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B．Cancer can be defeated because it is a special problem of repressed personalities. |
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C．‘Form’ should be over ‘content’, ‘beauty’ should be over ‘morals. |
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D．We should defend the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness. |
5.What is the passage mainly about?
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A．A lifelong watchword: seriousness |
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B．Susan Sontag is the symbol of American culture |
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C．How Susan Sontag became famous |
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D．An introduction to Susan Sontag and her watchword |
假设英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文
中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday morning, I was surprising to hear that my best friend Allee has been
hit by a car and was in hospital. The other day when he was going to cross a street,
he was such careful that he didn’t go until he saw the traffic light to turn green. But
hardly had he got to the middle of the street while he saw a car suddenly appear on
his right-hand side and come directly towards them. It was too late for Allee to
escape. He was hit by the car or was thrown a few meters away. He was sent to the
nearest hospital immediately and had operation. When I went to see him, he was
out of dangers but still looked pale. I sincere hope he will recover and return to
normal as soon as possible.
阅读下列每个句子，根据空白处的汉语提示填入适当词汇。每空仅限一词。
1.She’s become the (嫉妒的对象) of the whole class.
2.What (百分比) of your income is taxable?
3.They asked him to be (仁慈) to the prisoners.
4.I _________(犹豫)about whether to accept the invitation when I was asked to the party.
5.In order to kill time, the boy took a book from the shelf at (任意).
6.Sorry to (打断) you. Can you tell me the time?
7.You should (道歉) to the boss for delaying the work.
8.Many college students worked as (志愿者) in the 2008 Olympic Games.
9.The moon (反射) the sun’s rays.
10.Only a few people have (进入、有权接触) to the full facts of the case.
We are all faced with challenges constantly in every area of our lives. 71
The truth is that you will have to deal with difficult problems throughout your life, whether it is in your personal life or career. Most of us get really afraid and run away from problems because we don’t want to accept reality. Running away from your problems is the worst thing you can do to deal with the challenges you are faced with. Here are some tips for you on learning how to deal with everyday challenges.
Please bear in mind that you shouldn’t overact when coming across challenges. Overacting to a problem will cause you to make bad decisions. 72 Next time you are faced with a challenge, stay calm so you can make smarter decisions.
73 If you cannot accept reality, you will feel very frustrated with your life. Once you can accept reality, you will be able to be calmer and think more clearly about how to get a step closer towards your goals every day.
Many people make a habit of blaming others for all their problems. They fail to take full responsibility for the decisions they have made in life. The more you blame others for the challenges you are faced with, the more you will make people dislike you and not want to be around you. 74
Don’t compare your lifestyle with others. Of course, it is really difficult not to compare ourselves with other people. However, the more often we do that, the more frustrated we will feel. 75 The key thing to remember is that you create your own story and success in life.
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A．Accept the reality of the present moment. |
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B．Try to look at change as a positive challenge, not as a threat. |
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C．There will always be a person that may have accomplished more than you. |
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D．Our focus may entirely be on how we can deal with the challenge that has come our way. |
E. When we are not in control of our emotions, we will make decisions that we will regret later.
F. However, most people have a hard time accepting and dealing with these challenges that arise.
G.As a result, the first thing you should do when faced with a personal challenge is not point fingers at others.
While success is surely sweeter than failure, it seems failure is a far better teacher, and organizations that fail spectacularly often flourish more in the long run, according to a new study by Vinit Desai, assistant professor of management at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. Researchers have found that people missing their goals perform much better in the long run. That is because they gain more knowledge from their failures than their successes and the lessons are more likely to stay longer in their minds.
“We found that the knowledge gained from success was often fleeting while knowledge from failure stuck around for years,” said professor Desai, who led the study. “But companies often ignore failure. Managers may fire people or turn over the whole workforce while they should treat the failure as a learning opportunity.”
Prof Desai compared the flights of the space shuttle Atlantis and the Challenger. During the 2002 Atlantis flight, a piece of insulation (绝缘体) broke off and damaged the left solid rocket booster (助推火箭) but didn’t influence the program. There was little investigation. The Challenger was launched next and another piece of insulation broke off. This time the shuttle and its seven–person crew were destroyed. The disaster led to a major investigation resulting in 29 changes to prevent future disasters.
The difference in response in the two cases came down to this: Atlantis was considered a success and the Challenger a failure.
“Despite crowded skies, airlines are extremely reliable,” he said. “The number of failures is extremely small. And past researches have shown that older airlines, those with more experience in failure, have a lower number of accidents.”
Prof Desai doesn’t recommend finding out failure in order to learn. Instead, he advises organizations to analyze small failures to collect useful information rather than wait for major failures.
1.Why did experts pay little attention to the problem of Atlantis?
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A．Because it worked perfectly. |
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B．Because the right booster was still OK. |
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C．Because nothing serious happened then. |
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D．Because fewer people died in the flight. |
2.Fewer accidents happen to older airlines in that _____.
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A．their planes couldn’t fly high in the sky |
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B．they gained much from experience in failure |
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C．their planes were often checked by the experts |
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D．they were unpopular among passengers |
3.The passage is written mainly to _____.
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A．show failure is a better teacher than success |
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B．explain why Challenger failed |
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C．introduce something about Prof Desai |
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D．tell managers how to achieve success |
4.Which writing strategy is NOT used in developing the passage?
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A．Giving definitions. |
B．Making comparisons. |
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C．Analyzing causes. |
D．Providing different examples. |
When many people see birds cleaning their feathers, they attribute it to vanity on the part of the bird. But, in reality, what they are doing is maintaining their wings, the instruments that they depend on for safe flight. If a bird’s wings are not in perfect condition, the bird either won’t be able to fly or won’t be able to control its flight. That is why after a long flight and even throughout the day, you will see them cleaning their feathers.
Most birds, if they get a chance, will take a bath at least once a day. They do this to get rid of the dust that has accumulated in their feathers throughout their flight s during the day. In dry or desert areas, birds will not always be able to find water in which to bath, but they still need to clean their feathers. What many birds will do is to take dust baths. They will roll around in dust until it covers their feathers. They will stand up, shaking the dust out, and then clean their feathers with their beaks (鸟嘴) as usual.
Baths are important for another reason. During the course of the day and night, many parasites (寄生虫) are attracted to birds. Bugs, mites, fleas and so on will try to reach birds and suck from their blood. Daily baths help to keep the parasites to a minimum.
Some birds, especially those that spend a lot of time in or around water, have skin glands (皮肤腺) that produce oil. After bathing, these birds will squeeze the glands to spread the oil over their wings to keep them free of water.
If you are a bird lover and have bird houses in your yard, it can be good to go to the extra step, providing a bird bath. Once the birds in your neighborhood discover it, you will be surprised at how popular it becomes as they periodically stop by to take their daily bath.
1.What’s the passage mainly about?
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A．How birds clean themselves. |
B．What birds enjoy doing. |
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C．Why baths matter so much to birds. |
D．What bird lovers should do. |
2.What does the underlined part in Para 1 probably mean?
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A．Most people think it good for birds to clean their feathers. |
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B．Most people show much interest in how birds clean themselves. |
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C．Most people believe that birds’ keeping themselves clean is necessary. |
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D．Most people think birds’ cleaning their feathers of no practical significance. |
3.According to Para 3, birds’ feather cleaning _____.
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A．helps keep them healthy |
B．keeps them free of any parasite |
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C．makes them more attractive |
D．helps them relax enough |
4.In the last paragraph, the author further reminds us that _____ .
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A．we should love birds as much as possible |
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B．birds enjoy cleaning themselves by bathing |
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C．we can be good bird lovers by bathing birds |
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D．birds like to come close to the people in a yard |
