Question

Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North American were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages.  During the first half of the eighteen century, however, houses began to show a new elegance.  As wealth increased, more and more colonist built fine houses.

Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur (业余) designers or to carpenters who were engaged in translating architectural handbooks imported from England.  Inventories of libraries shows an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders, and the houses built during the eighteenth century show their influence.  Nevertheless, most household architecture of the first-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.

Increasing wealth and growing sophistication (文化修养) throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone, or brick.  New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus (推动) to the use of more durable material.  A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and areas nearby was stone widely used in buildings.  An increased use of brick in houses and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners.  In the Carolinas, even in closely packed Charleston, wooden houses were much common than brick houses.

Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over the former ones.  Windows were made larger and shutters removed.  Large, clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century.  Doorways were larger and more decorative.

Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms.  Walls were made of plaster or wood.  White paint began to take the place of blues, yellows, greens, and lead colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years.  After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.

1.What’s the passage mainly about?

A．The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses.

B．A comparison of eighteenth-century houses and modern houses.

C．The decorations used in eighteenth-century houses.

D．The role of carpenters in building eighteenth-century houses.

2.What was one of the main reasons for the change in architectural style in eighteenth-century

North America?

A．More architects arrived in the colonies.

B．The colonists developed an interest in classical architecture.

C．Bricks were more readily available

D．The colonists had more money to spend on housing.

3.According to the passage, who was responsible for designing houses in eighteenth-century

North America?

A．professional architects

B．customers

C．interior decorators

D．carpenters

4.The passage implies that the rules described in architectural handbooks were ____________.

A．generally ignored	B．broken by professional architects
C．not strictly stuck to	D．only followed by older builders

5.The underlined word “divergence”欧 is closest in meaning to ________.

A．description

B．developing

C．difference

D．interest

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.D

4.C

5.C

【解析】：文章主要讲述的是18实际在殖民地的房屋建设方面的变化。

1.A 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是18实际在殖民地的房屋建设方面的变化。故A正确。

2.D 细节题。第一段最后一句As wealth increased, more and more colonist built fine houses；第三段第一句Increasing wealth and growing sophistication (文化修养) throughout the colonies都说明了财富的增加是房屋设计方面的变化的主要原因。故D正确。

3.D 细节题。根据第二段2,3行the design of buildings was left either to amateur (业余) designers or to carpenters who were engaged in translating architectural handbooks imported from England.说明木匠是推动发展的一个主要原因。故D正确。

4.C 推理题。根据第二段最后三行most household architecture of the first-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books说明在实际的建筑过程中有了很多的变化，故原有的设计规则并没有被坚持，故C正确。

5.C 猜测词义题。displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books中的divergence指对于原有规则的灵活运用现实出很大的区别，故这个词应该是指差异，故C正确。