Question

The word doping is probably from the Dutch word dop, the name of an alcoholic drinks make of grape skins used by Zulu soldiers in order to encourage their bravery in battle. The term became current around the turn of the 20^th century, originally referring to illegal drugging of racehorses. In 1928 the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) became the first to ban the use of doping. A reliable test method was finally introduced in 1974.

The practice of enhancing athletes’ performance through foreign substance or other artificial means, however, is as old as competitive sport itself. The most famous doping case of the 1980s concerned Ben Johnson, the 100-meter champion who tested positive for stanozolol(司坦咗醇) at the Olympic Games in Seoul, 1988.

The main front in the anti-doping war has rapidly shifted to blood doping since 1970s. Blood doping is the practice of adding red blood cells to the bloodstream in order to improve athletes’ performance. The blood is usually processed in order to create a concentration of red blood cells, and then freeze them until needed for transfusion(输血) back into the athlete shortly before the event. The extra red blood cells will deliver more oxygen and other essential elements to the athlete’s muscle tissues.

Just like any other problem, the only way to solve it is through education. Many high school sports programs now have people come in to talk to them about out the dangers of performance-enhancing drugs. Young players must be fully clear on the rules and what substances are banned. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has an easily accessible list of what substances are banned, how they are tested for and why they are banned on its website. This way, young players are clear on what they can put in their bodies. This is also a good way to educate players on the danger of the substances they may be tempted to use.

1.The word “enhancing” in the first sentence of the second paragraph means “_____”.

A．showing

B．directing

C．upsetting

D．improving

2.What can we know from the third paragraph?

A．Blood doping is transferring one man’s blood into another

B．Only blood doping exists in the anti-doping war in the 1970s.

C．Blood doping is easy to be found and controlled by organizations.

D．More oxygen in the blood helps improve an athlete’s performance.

3.The word “people” in the second sentence of the fourth paragraph probably refers to _____.

A．teachers who teach P.E. lessons at school

B．experts who do research in doping

C．young people easy to be addicted to doping

D．athletes involved in doping

4.Which statement best matches the last paragraph?

A．Prevention is better than cure.

B．Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.

C．The best horse needs breaking, and the cleverest child needs teaching.

D．A little learning is a dangerous thing.

Answer

1.D

2.D

3.B

4.A

【解析】本文讲述了在竞技运动中使用兴奋剂的历史以及带来的危害，最后告诉我们教育是解决此类事件的最好办法。

1.D 猜测词义题。根据The practice of enhancing athletes’ performance through foreign substance or other artificial means, however, is as old as competitive sport itself 可知，通过外来物质或其他人工手段来提高运动员表现是和竞技运动本身一样的历史悠久。故答案为D。

2.D 推断题。根据第三段The extra red blood cells will deliver more oxygen and other essential elements to the athlete’s muscle tissues. 以及Blood doping is the practice of adding red blood cells to the bloodstream in order to improve athletes’ performance.可知，答案为D。

3.B细节推断题。根据Many high school sports programs now have people come in to talk to them about out the dangers of performance-enhancing drugs. 可知，学校让人来给学生讲关于提高成绩的药物的危害，说明来做讲座的人必定是做兴奋剂研究的专家。

4.A 判断归纳题。根据Just like any other problem, the only way to solve it is through education.可知，用教育来解决使用兴奋剂是唯一的办法。教育即是预防。说明A是正确的。