Smiling
People smile at times. ____71______.Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and amusement, but it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples show this point of view:
_____72_____.Every one smiles at each other, this nonverbal communication shows being friendly in the United States. However，in China, smiling is not only an expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid being embarrassed. ____73____. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer（嘲笑）. For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may smile, which is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.
When a person from the United States might blush（脸红）with embarrassment or become offensive, a Chinese might blush with smile. To avoid serious misunderstanding, people who engage in intercultural communication should be able to understand the meaning of smiling appropriately.____74______ Also; different cultures have different meanings about laugh. For example, Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes from the deepest emotions. _____75_______.
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A．Related to the smile is the laugh. |
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B．Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment. |
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C．Nonverbal communication is important because it is culture-related. It is based on different beliefs, religions, values and customs in different cultures. |
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D．However, most Chinese seldom laugh that way because they are thought to be silly except among close friends. |
E. In an attempt to be open and friendly, people in the United States smile a lot.
F. Feelings of friendship exist everywhere but their expression varies.
G. However, the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different.
Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States.
The result：10％ fewer heart attacks. 8％ fewer strokes. 4％ fewer deaths. 11％ fewer new cases of heart disease. And 240 billion dollars in health care savings.
Researchers found it could prevent 10，000 heart attacks and 9。200 deaths every year.
The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo at the University of California San Francisco was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams， or one-half teaspoon，less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia Uni versity.
Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium（钠），which is how foods may list their salt content.
The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies， while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure.
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Critics call it government interference.
Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas， like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children’s Research Institute shows that the calorie information on the menu can influence what parents order for their children.
1.We can tell from the passage that now heart attacks occur in the US every year.
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A．240，000 |
B．900，000 |
C．100，000 |
D．92，000 |
2.It can be inferred from the passage that .
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A．all the heart diseases result from eating too much salt |
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B．the American Heart Association suggests less than 3 grams of salt a day for everyone |
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C．Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s |
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D．the less salt one eats， the healthier he will be |
3.The last paragraph mainly tells us .
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A．Bloomberg has made some other efforts to improve people’s health |
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B．Bloomberg is very successful in his career |
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C．parents must pay great attention to calorie information |
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D．a new study is being done about calorie information |
Students who want to study in the United States may find that their chances for financial aid are limited. They often have to pay for their education with their own savings or their family's money.
A recent report from the Institute of International Education in New York looked at 2008-2009 school year.
Colleges and universities in the United States had more than half a million foreign students. 63% of them paid for school mostly by themselves or with family help. 26% percent were supported by the school they attended.
There are other sources of financial aid for international students. These include a student's home government or university, or the United States government. Private sponsors, international organizations and employers may also provide support. Yet during the last school year, not many students were able to depend on any of these other sources. Current employers provided the most help. Still, they represented the main support for just four percent of international students.
Those at the graduate level, however, are more likely than undergraduates to receive financial aid in the United States. More than 80% percent of foreign undergraduates depended mostly on personal and family money to pay for school last year. The same was true of less than half of graduate students. Most of the others received financial aid from their college or university in the United States.
A list of American schools that offer financial aid to foreign students can be found at a useful Web site. The address is edupass.org. This site also provides information about scholarship programs. But it warns foreign students not to pay if there is any charge for scholarship application forms. You could be cheated out of your money.
1.Most foreign students depend on _______ to pay for their education.
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A．the home universities |
B．personal or family money |
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C．the American schools |
D．international organization |
2.How many sources of financial aid are mentioned in the text?
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A．9 |
B．3 |
C．6 |
D．12 |
3.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
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A．Foreign students have no chance to get money from American schools. |
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B．Most foreign graduate students depend on their own savings. |
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C．Edupass.org offers financial aid and scholarship information. |
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D．Usually the present employers provide the most financial help. |
4.The text mainly talks about ________.
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A．financial aid for foreign students in US |
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B．the hard life for foreign students in US |
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C．the variety of educational choices in US |
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D．the disadvantages of studying in US. |
Compulsive（强迫的）shoppers may have a new psychological excuse to blame for their wild shopping. Psychologists at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand are studying the “shop-till-you-drop” habit as a behavioral disorder similar to compulsive eating. Compulsive shoppers frequently buy more than they can afford or more than they need, and it causes them distress(苦恼).
“It becomes a problem when you are out of control,” psychology lecturer Neville Blampied said. “When you are feeling bad and blue, what do you do? Some people eat chocolate cake and ice cream. Some people take the credit card and go out to the shop.” Bank managers understand the problem because they have to deal with people who have to be persuaded to stop using their cards drawing money.
Compulsive shopping was first discovered in 1915, although it was then known as monomania. Few studies have been done on the problem.
An advertisement in a Christchurch paper, calling for people to take part in an experimental treatment program designed by Mr. Wilson, attracted 10 replies. But the problem, said Mr. Wilson, is “clearly not rare”. He thinks that compulsive shopping should be treated with drugs. “As psychologists we are interested in non-drug treatments for behavioral difficulties,” Mr. Wilson said.
Compulsive eaters or shoppers get a kick from their habit. “Both activities provide an immediate kind of kick and you feel a bit better,” he said. “You have long-term problems, but human beings are extremely good at not seeing long-term problems and are very sensitive to short-term benefits,” he said.
The aim of the treatment was to help people find better ways of managing their emotions. The program, consisting of 10 one-hour weekly lessons and two follow-up treatments, is loosely based on teaching stress management.
“You often have to start to get people to correctly recognize their emotions. Not being able to know what you really feel weakens your ability to solve the problems connected with what’s making you feel that way,” Mr. Wilson said.
1.The compulsive shoppers will go shopping when ______.
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A．they have lots of money |
B．they are taking drugs |
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C．they are feeling sad |
D．they win a prize |
2.The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph most probably refers to __________.
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A．compulsive eating |
B．a new psychological excuse |
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C．the study done by Blampied |
D．the behavior of wild shopping |
3.Which of the following is considered important in treating compulsive shoppers?
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A．Teaching them to manage their money better. |
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B．Teaching them to understand their emotions. |
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C．Persuading them not to draw money from the bank. |
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D．Treating them with right drugs. |
4.When the writer says that compulsive shoppers get a kick from their habit, he means that they __________.
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A．feel distressed after their wild shopping |
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B．feel better after treatment from psychologists |
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C．are better able to deal with stress problems |
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D．have a feeling of excitement after shopping |
— Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?
— Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still ____.
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A．available |
B．affordable |
C．acceptable |
D．valuable |
You are working too hard. You'd better keep a ________ between work and relaxation.
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A．promise |
B．read |
C．balance |
D．diary |
