Recently, researchers in the US have carried out a study on laughing, one of the most natural characteristics of human behavior.
Jo-Anne Bachorowsky, a psychology professor at Vandebilt University, 36 a team of researchers who 37 a total of 11 short videos to 97 young adult volunteers in the US. They found that the participants produced a 38 of sounds when they laughed, 39 grunts(呼噜声) and snorts(哼声).
The researchers found that some of the 40 were dependent 41 gender(性别). Men laughed with grunts and snorts more often than women, 42 women’s 43 was more song-like.
They also found that people’s laughter could change, 44 who they were with at the time. Whether they were with a man or a woman and 45 person was a friend or a 46 both played a part in laughter.
The researchers found that women’s laughter was very high with a 47 pitch(音高) when they were with male strangers. And women taking 48 in the study laughed more often when they were with a male friend than when they were with a(n) 49 friend or a male stranger. But men laughed more freely with friends of either sex than with strangers of either sex.
Scientists believe that the 50 consumed in laughing 100 times is 51 to 15 minutes on an exercise bike. Another 52 of laughter is 53 it improves our mental health. Laughter reduces our levels of stress. It also helps us 54 serious illness.
55 ,we think laughter can make us feel good.
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— I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have used up all the money so quickly.
— __________. What’s done is done.
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A．It’s none of my business |
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B．Forget it |
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C．Remember next time |
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D．Good luck |
Many areas were stricken by the typhoon, and it was quite difficult to ______ the exact losses.
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A．figure out |
B．set out |
C．put out |
D．carry out |
Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive ears, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) : stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well Rude words, name-calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution : listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, "64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student co-operation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves'. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
1.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that_______
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A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime |
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B．a small conflict can lead to violence |
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C．students tend to lose their temper easily |
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D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight |
2.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?
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A．To find out who is to blame. |
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B．To get ready to try new things. |
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C．To make clear what the real issue is. |
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D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match. |
3.After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that______
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A．there was a decrease in classroom violence |
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B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom |
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C．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools |
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D．the teacher-student relationship greatly improved |
4.The writer's purpose for writing this article is to_______
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A．complain about problems in school education |
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B．teach students different strategies for school life |
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C．favor teaching conflict management in schools |
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D．inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence |
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Gadgets make study fun Now in a world piled high with smartphones, tablets (平板电脑)and e-readers, technology has entered the classroom in ways unimaginable． Taking classes can be fun too． All you have to do is swipe your fingers on your phone screen and download some apps (应用程序), which can make your study more fun and efficient ． Balancing study and play in a college setting has never been easy-and with the following few apps, it’ll be tough to tell the two apart． |
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Evernote Use:note-taking Can be used on: iPhone/iPad/iPod touch, Android , BlackBerry, Palm OS and Windows , Phone 7 price :free If you take notes to stay organized，then Evernote is for you． The main thing about Evernote is that all of your notes are automatically sent into the cloud-and then you can access them from any web-connected computer via the Evernote app or a web browser(浏览器)． Evernote also supports audio and photo notes-rather handy if you want to record your lecture or take photos of any projected notes． But, of course, ask for permission first． |
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Wikipanion Use:research database Can be used on: iPhone/iPad/iPod touch Price :free ( Wikipanion Plus for $4．99,or 31．87 yuan ) Now , you don’t necessarily have to go to a library or anywhere with computer services to do research work for your paper anymore． You can get access to the research databases just on your smartphone or tablet． |
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Conquering Bilingual News Listening in 7 Days Use: English learning application Can be used on : iPhone/iPad/iPod touch Price:For a limited time you can get the App for only $0．99—half price．Still learning English with a workbook? If so, you are behind the times．Get 21st Century Newspaper’s new iPhone App, “Conquering Bilingual News Listening in 7 Days”．When you download the App on your iPhone, you can listen to the hottest bilingual news selected from the newspaper’s official website (w．w．w．i2lst．cn)and read by native speakers, “Conquering Bilingual News Listening in 7 Days” has ranked No 1 on the Chinese education App list． For a limited time you can get the App for only $0．99—half price． |
1.The purpose of this passage to ．
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A．make your study more fun and efficient |
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B．introduce some apps used on gadgets |
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C．advertise high-tech teaching ways |
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D．promote new application programs |
2.According to the passage, we can know that ．
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A．the three apps all support audio and photo forms． |
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B．college study is undoubtedly full of ease and fun |
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C．college students used to do research work in the library or via computers |
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D．students can record lectures and send them to the cloud without permission |
3.Which of the following is true about the apps?
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A．They can only be used on smartphones． |
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B．Evemote and Wikipanion Plus are free． |
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C．Evemote can merely be used on a computer． |
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D．They improve learning efficiency and pleasure． |
In the eyes of dog lovers, the dog is man’s best friend. But for much wildlife, loose dogs may be a dangerous enemy, according to a study by a biologist from Utah State University in the US.
Based on much existing research and their own case studies, Julie Smith of Utah State University and four other scientists conclude that loose dogs may represent a huge danger to wildlife, especially endangered species, by hunting down or worrying them and by spreading diseases. They also found that dogs, their worldwide numbers around 500 million, can cause more damage to wildlife and livestock(牲畜) than wolves and other enemies of these animals.
Smith gave examples from the US state of Idaho, where research showed the presence of dogs reducing some deer populations. On the Navajo American Indians’ reservation in northeastern Arizona, packs of loose dogs are attacking livestock. They have killed populations of small animals such as rabbits and act as a disease carrier for rabies(狂犬病) among people and other animals, she said. Loose dogs also were to blame for distemper(温热病) outbreak leading to a die-off of endangered black-footed ferrets in northwestern Wyoming in the 1980s.
The phenomenon is not just limited to US; it’s a global problem. Julie Smith once studied three endangered species in central Asia: wild sheep, gazelles and antelope. The rate of injury and death to these animals by loose dogs was very high. In another case, Smith found that dogs, not wolves, as originally suspected, were responsible for a large number of livestock killings in the mountainous Basque country between Spain and France.
Authors of the new study said the problem is likely to worsen as communities expand. Then how to deal with it?
Indeed, in many countries, leash(拴狗的皮带) laws permit punishment of dog owners whose pets attack wildlife. But lawbreakers are rarely punished because the police lack both people and money.
Smith has low-cost solutions to the problem for dog lovers, though. They include public dog-training programs and vaccinating (预防接种) dogs against rabies and other illnesses.
1.Julie Smith’s study mainly tells us that _______.
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A．many species are endangered because they are killed by loose dogs. |
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B．wild dogs are immune to many diseases. |
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C．wolves are still the greatest enemy of livestock. |
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D．loose dogs are a great danger to wildlife. |
2.Which of the following statements about loose dogs is TRUE according to the research?
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A．There are around 500 million loose dogs around the world. |
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B．The black-footed ferrets in northwestern Wyoming were once the main food source of local loose dogs. |
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C．The problem caused by loose dogs is the most serious in the US. |
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D．People used to think that wolves, rather than loose dogs killed livestock in the Basque country. |
3.Which of the following is among Julie Smith’s solutions to the trouble caused by loose dogs?
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A．More strict leash laws |
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B．Public dog-training programs. |
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C．Vaccinating people against rabies and other illnesses. |
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D．More support from the police. |
4.What is the main point of the article?
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A．A global disaster caused by loose dogs. |
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B．What makes the dog man’s greatest friend. |
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C．The problem of loose dogs and the possible solutions. |
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D．The danger of the increasing numbers of dogs. |
