Question

Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?

To see whether babies know objects are solid. T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion (视觉影像) of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.

Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land (想像中的地方)?

Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear. If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted (替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch (更换). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.

1.The passage is mainly about ______.

A．babies’ sense of sight

B．effects of experiments on babies

C．babies’ understanding of objects

D．different tests on babies’ feelings

2.. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, “object ______”.

A．still exists

B．keeps its shape

C．still stays solid

D．is beyond reach

3.. What did Bower use in his experiments?

A．A chair & a screen

B．A screen & a train

C．A film & a train

D．A box & a chair

4. Which of the following statements is true?

A．The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.

B．The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.

C．The younger babies liked looking for missing objects

D．The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D

【解析】

试题分析：

1..C 推理题。根据文章第二段前2行To see whether babies know objects are solid. T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion (视觉影像) of a hanging ball. 和最后一段后3行

Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.都说明本文中的难过实验是为了研究儿童对物体的影像的理解。故C正确。

2..A 推理题。根据第4段4,5,6行If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence.说明当我们把火车和屏幕都拿掉，孩子非常惊讶里面什么都没有了。说明孩子已经有了object permanence的意识，那么该词应该指的是该物体仍然存在。即A项。

3.B 细节题。根据第四段第2行In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen.说明在这个实验中他使用了a toy train和screen故B正确。

4.D 推理题。根据第二段后两行All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.说明孩子不能理解真实的球和视觉影像的差别。故D正确。

考点：考查科普类短文阅读