Mars Was Not Always Bitterly Cold
Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today. The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸盐） minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.
Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.
The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have confirmed the information.
Caltech Geology Professor John Eiler was another writer of the report. He says knowing the temperature of Mars from long ago provides valuable information. It shows that early in the planet's history, at least part of Mars could support a climate like that of Earth.
The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars' surface when another space rock struck its "home."
1. The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.
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A．to set up |
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B．to make people accept a belief |
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C．to discover or prove |
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D．to start having a relationship with others |
2.How did the scientists reach the finding?
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A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite. |
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B．By using spacecraft orbiting Mars. |
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C．By studying minerals gathered on Mars |
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D．By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface. |
3.According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?
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A．Measuring the temperature of Mars. |
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B．Taking photos of the surface of Mars. |
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C．Confirming that there is water flowing on Mars. |
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D．Finding where human beings will probably land on Mars. |
4.How did Allan Hills meteorite get its name?
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A．From its original place on Mars. |
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B．From where it was found on the earth. |
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C．From the name of the scientist who found it. |
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D．From the name of the aircraft that discovered it |
5. Where can we most probably read this passage?
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A．In a biography of scientists. |
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B．In a geography magazine. |
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C．In an environment report. |
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D．In a science report. |
Arthur Miller (1915—2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary, drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
Miller's most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.
When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.
1.Why did Arthur Miller's father move to the USA?
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A．He suffered from severe hunger in his home country. |
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B．He was attracted by the “Great American Dream.” |
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C．He hoped to make his son a dramatist. |
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D．His family business failed |
2.The play Death of a Salesman________.
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A．exposes the cruelty of the American business world |
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B．discusses the ways to get promoted in a company |
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C．talks about the business career of Arthur Miller |
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D．focuses on the skills in doing business |
3.What can we learn about Willy Loman?
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A．He treats his employer badly. |
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B．He runs the Wagner Company. |
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C．He is a victim of the American system. |
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D．He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues. |
4.After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman________.
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A．achieved huge success |
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B．won the first Tony Award |
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C．was warmly welcomed by salesmen |
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D．was severely attacked by dramatists |
5.What is the text mainly about?
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A．Arthur Miller and his family. |
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B．The awards Arthur Miller won. |
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C．The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. |
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D．Arthur Miller and his best known play. |
I believe being honest is one of the greatest gifts. I know they call it a lot of fancy names, 16 upright and straightforward. And it’s still what makes a man a good citizen. This is my code, and I try to live by.
I’ve been in the taxi business for thirty-five years, 17 (know)there is a lot about it that is not so good. Because taxi drivers are tough, people get the wrong impression 18____they are bad. Taxi drivers are just like 19 people. Most of them will act as rude fellows. But almost every week you read in the papers that a taxi driver turns in money or jewels or like that people leave in their cars. Once, I found an emerald ring in my car. I remembered helping a lady 20 a lot of suitcases that day, so I went back to 21 I had dropped her off. It took me almost two days to wait for her in order to return her ring to her. I didn’t get as much as “thank you”. However, I 22 (feel) good because I had done what was right.
As far as I know, 23 (practice) everyone will give you something, because most Americans are fairly generous. I believe in God and try to be 24 good member of my parish（教区）. I try to act toward others like I think God wants me to act. I have been trying this for a long time, and the longer I try, the 25 (easy) it gets.
There once lived a young man who was always unhappy and complained about his poverty. One day, he went to see a fortune teller to inquire how to become_____1____. The fortune teller said, "Young man, you are already wealthy now."
"Where is my wealth?" the young man asked _______2____.
"It is with you. Your _______3___ is (are) your wealth. You use them to see this world. You use them to see all the ______4______things in this world. You can read, study and learn. Your hands are your wealth. You can use them to work. You can use them to hug your beloved ones. Your ____5_____are your wealth. You can go to any places..." the fortune teller said.
"You call these wealth? Everyone has them," the young man said.
"These are wealth. What you have now are not what others can luckily have. Are you ______6___ to give your eyes to me? I am willing to give you a lot of money to _____7_____ for them," the fortune teller said.
"No, are you crazy? I am not going to exchange my eyes for money! They are _____8____ to me!" the young man ____9_______.
"Precisely, these are wealth to you. You will not exchange them for money. Furthermore, although a lot of people have their wealthy things, they do not ____10_____ them or treasure them. They are not_____11____ to Heaven for giving them their wealth. They even complain that Heaven is unfair to them. Do you want to _____12_____one of them before you will treasure them?" the fortune teller said.
Everyone is wealthy. But we should not ____13______it for granted. We need to treasure our wealth, take care of it and use it _____14_____. We should not overuse it because once it is ____15____, it is gone forever. Remember it is our wealth that we do not want to lose.
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Apple has entered the textbook market. The tech giant introduced iBooks textbooks a couple of weeks ago when it announced its iBooks 2 platform. They are digital books in a variety of subjects from astronomy to zoology taking in science, maths, history and geography. Apple developed its iPad-based textbooks in connection with major textbook publishers. The company offers a collection of textbooks for high school students.
It sounds like good news for pupils and students. Think of it. No more carrying heavy backpacks full of textbooks. Every textbook you require can be stored on your iPad. Of course there’s a catch. You need to own an iPad and as you know, it is not cheap. You also need to buy digital textbooks, mostly priced each at $14.99 (94.74 yuan) or less. Textbook publishing was worth $8.7 billion in the US alone last year. Will digital books take over completely in education? Is learning going to evolve into something we do on an electronic tablet computer? That remains to be seen.
1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2.以约120个词就“电子教科书能否代替传统教科书”的话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
（1）比较电子教科书和传统教科书各自的优势；
（2）你认为将来电子教科书能否代替传统教科书呢？为什么？
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
今年八月初，继台风“苏拉”、“达维”之后，今年以来最强台风“海葵”(HAIKUI)向人们展现了“一波未平一波又起”。尽管我国沿海各省进行了积极的防台准备，还是给部分地区造成了严重的灾情，其中以浙江受灾最为严重。各界人士都十分关注。请根据以下表格内容，写一篇关于台风“海葵”的报道，在某英语报上发表。
【写作内容】
|
登陆方向 |
在进入我国东部后，正面冲击浙江 |
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灾情 |
480万人受灾，154.6万人紧急转移；大雨造成房屋倒塌、农作物受 淹，供电中断； |
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损失 |
估计直接经济损失达100.25亿元 |
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救援 |
当地政府表示因为防台风的准备工作做得充分，灾后各部门全力 参与救援工作，因此灾区人们的生活也慢慢地恢复正常。 |
只能用5个句子表达全部内容
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。
