Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between races (种族) and rates (率) of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.
Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2.000 people in the study developed lung cancer.
Researchers say genetics (遗传学) might help explain the racial and ethnic（种族的） differences. There could be differences in how people's bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.
African-Americans and Latinos in the study are reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites are the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.
Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted (针对) medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it "a step toward the promise of personalized medicine."
1.Researchers agree that it is that may probably determine black people’s risk of lung cancer.
A．the larger amount of smoking than white people
B．the living style or habit of the blacks
C．the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs
D．the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke
2.People in the new study are made up of .
A．heavy smokers in America B．smokers and non-smokers
C．the Asians and Hawaiians D．the black and white people
3.The production of BiDil referred to in the last paragraph is to .
A．explain different races react to some diseases differently
B．tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers
C．show a big step people have taken in the medicine area
D．support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?
A．The way of smoking may increase the risk of lung cancer.
B．Race has nothing to do with the risk of having a lung cancer.
C．The research was started by the New England Journal of Medicine.
D．he risk of lung cancer lies I how much a person smokes.
London, Reuters--What could annoy teenagers enough to make them stop hanging out with friends and go home？
No, it's not a visit from their mothers, and not a threat to take away their cellphones or pocket money.
It's high-frequency noise. The UK police recently agreed to use a device (装置) called the Sonic Teenager Deterrent. It sends out a sound that makes teenagers become so impatient and angry that they have to cover their ears tightly and walk away.
The sound is at extreme high-pitch that can be heard by those under 20. The body's natural ability to detect some wave bands decreases almost entirely after 20, so few adults can hear the sounds. The black-box device, nicknamed the Mosquito because of its sound, can be fixed to the outside walls of shops, offices and homes. It sounds to youngsters like a crazy insect or a badly played violin. But it causes no physical damage.
A number of police forces and councils have given permission to use the system and want to install (安装) it at trouble spots.
Staffordshire Police Inspector Amanda Davies, who has given the device to shopkeepers in the Moorlands area, said," It is controlled by the shopkeepers--if they can see through their window that there is a problem, they turn the device on for a while until the group has run away."
1.The device can be used to _______.
A．threaten teenagers in public
B．drive away trouble-makers under 20
C．help mothers control their teenage children
D．help the police control shopkeepers
2.From the passage we can know that _______.
A．young people often suffer from pains in ears
B．shopkeepers are troubled by noisy insects
C．high-frequency noise is beyond the listening ability of people over 20
D．the police invented a new device to deal with teenagers
3.The purpose of the writer to write the passage is ______.
A．to advertise a new hi-tech device
B．to tell the reader a piece of news
C．to sell the device to shopkeepers
D．to inform the public as the spokesman of the police
4.Who will welcome the device most?
A．Shopkeepers. B．The police. C．Young people. D．The producer.
Luo Gaoqi hopes to join the increasing number of Chinese students in the United States because he wants the experience of studying in a foreign land as it will help his future job at home. “I want to try Western education because people there think differently,” said the 21-year-old who is in his final year of undergraduate studies. “I also hope to meet friends from different cultures. The social connections may help in the future.”
The latest report from the US-based institute of International Education said China, for the first time, has become the top country of origin for international students in the United States.
For Yang Fan, a journalism student, said studying in the United States is a way to escape the competition for places in China’s top universities.
“Due to limited education resources, only about 60 percent of high school graduates in China enter college, and a much lower rate enters the top-level ones. “A foreign degree will definitely help when I seek a job in China,” Yang said.
Both Yang’s and Luo’s parents are supportive of them studying abroad. Neither of them is thinking of settling down in the United States after graduation.
“It is not realistic to do so. As a journalism student, there would be no advantage for me to work in the United States,” Yang said. “But in China, with a US degree and good English, I may stand out against other students who have only studied in China.”
China still needs to improve its environment for scientists and high-level talents, said Xiao Mingzheng, director of the Center for Human Resource Development and Management Research of Peking University, adding that, in particular, the country needs to improve its policies relating to research environments.
In June, the Chinese government published a plan concerning talent development for the next 10 years. In it, it has improved policies and increased budgets to attract talented students back home.
1.Why does Luo Gaoqi wants to study in a foreign land according to his words?
A．Because the people there are more intelligent.
B．Because the foreign countries are more developed.
C．Because he can make more friends there.
D．Because the culture there is different from that in China.
2.What do Guo Gaoqi and Yang Fan have in common?
A．Their major is the same, which is journalism.
B．Both of them want to go back to China after graduation.
C．Their parents are against their decision.
D．They are forced to study in a foreign land by their parents.
3.From the passage, we can infer that _______.
A．scientists and high-level talents need a better environment in China
B．the students abroad are unwilling to go back to China
C．China doesn’t need those people to come back to our country at all
D．we all need to go abroad to study and then serve our own country
To American visitors, Iceland is a very interesting country, partly because it is different in so many ways from what he or she is used to seeing at home. There are quite a few things that are not done, or that do not exist on the island - quite a few "No's".
There is no pollution, for instance. No dogs are permitted in Reykjavik, the capital. There is no television on Thursdays or during the entire month of July, and only three hours of black-and-white TV the rest of the time. There is no hard liquor on Wednesdays and no beer at any time. There are no handguns; only one jail of thirty-five cells（牢房） in the entire land – an admirable figure, even for a small country of 313,376 people.
There is no army, air force or navy. There is no tipping for anything. There are no large stores open on Saturdays or Sundays. Since Iceland is situated just under the Arctic Circle, there is no darkness in summer and do daylight in winter. But thanks to Gulf Stream, the climate is rather mild, with temperatures ranging from 34 degrees Fahrenheit to 52 degrees in July.
The rules on television, liquor, and guns are the result of governmental decision. But the absence of pollution is due in great part to the fact that Iceland gets its power from the enormous geyser（间歇泉）and the thousands of hot springs that come out of the ground. They provide all the energy needed by the country. In fact, Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power.
Iceland has been described as a democratic (民主的) independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world. The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature. They composed their first works in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. These works were poems and tales about the kings, heroes, and heroines of Iceland and Norway. At first the stories were memorized and passed from generation to generation. The Icelanders have never stopped writing ever since. “Rather shoeless than bookless," they proudly say.
1.American visitors enjoy visiting Iceland probably because .
A．no dogs are permitted in the capital
B．the police do not carry handguns
C．it is very different from America
D．the climate is rather mild.
2.The following statements are true EXCEPT .
A．there are no soldiers in Iceland
B．the Icelanders don't drink beer
C．there is no service fee of any kind
D．there are no crimes in Iceland
3.There is no pollution in Iceland mainly because .
A．Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power
B．the Icelanders use hot water from the ground below as their energy
C．it is located just under the Arctic Circle
D．it is a democratic independent country
4."Rather shoeless than bookless" means .
A．they regard books more important than shoes.
B．they would rather have shoes on than write books
C．they prefer traveling to reading
D．they prefer not to have shoes or books
I've spent most of my career as a traveling salesman, and so I know that 36 is an occupational disease．But one year, my 37 gave me the cure for my homesickness．
It had black bright eyes, a red bow tie and orange feet—a stuffed penguin（企鹅）that 38 about five inches tall．Attached to its left wing 39 a little sign with the hand-painted declaration "I Love My Dad! "．I 40 the penguin at once on my table．
On my next trip, I put the penguin in my suitcase．That night when I 41__ home, my daughter Jeanine was 42 because the penguin had disappeared．"Honey, he's here with me, " I explained, "I brought him 43 ."
44 , the penguin came with me—as necessary as my briefcase．And we __45 along the way．In Albuquerque, I checked into a 46 , dropped my bag and ran to a meeting．When I returned, the maid had 47 the bed and stood the penguin on the pillow．
One night, I discovered the penguin 48 , and after a mad phone call, I learned I' d 49 it in my previous hotel room, 50 it had been rescued by a maid．I __51 a hundred miles to get it, and when I arrived at midnight, the penguin was waiting at the front desk．In the hotel lobby（大厅）, other tired business travelers were __52 at the reunion of my penguin and me---I think with a bit of 53 ．
Jeanine is in college now, and I don't travel 54 . The penguin sits on my table, a reminder that love is a wonderful traveling companion．All those years on 55 , it was the one thing I never left home without．
1. A．cold B．hunger C．loneliness D．fever
2. A．wife B．daughter C．friend D．mother
3. A．stood B．lay C．jumped D．climbed
4. A．wrote B．turned C．was D．had
5. A．threw B．lost C．ordered D．placed
6. A．drove B．called C．wrote D．went
7. A．upset B．happy C．glad D．excited
8. A．up B．off C．along D．down
9. A．From now on B．In the future C．In future D．From then on
10. A．had friends B．had friend C．made friends D．made friend
11. A．school B．hotel C．shop D．supermarket
12. A．given B．turned C．made D．carried
13. A．sleeping B．going C．living D．missing
14. A．forgot B．left C．ordered D．sent
15. A．there B．when C．where D．how
16. A．ran B．walked C．hurried D．drove
17. A．surprised B．frightened C．looked D．laughed
18. A．anger B．admiration C．sadness D．illness
19. A．as many B．as seldom C．so few D．as much
20. A．the hotel B．the meeting C．the trip D．the house
It was funny that when _______ Mary began to weep sadly.
A．praising B．praised C．to praise D．having praised
