They may be just passing your office, computer bag slung (悬挂) over one shoulder. Or they may be sitting in a car outside it, causally tapping away at a laptop. They look like innocent passers-by. In fact, they are stealing your corporate secrets.
Drive-by hacking is the trendy term given to the practice of breaking into wireless computer networks from outside the buildings that house them. A recent study in the UK, sponsored by RSA Data Security, found that two-thirds of organizations with wireless networks were risking their data in this way. Security experts patrolled (巡逻) several streets in the City of London seeking evidence of wireless networks in operation.
Of 124 that they identified, 83 were sending data without encrypting（加密）them. Such data could readily be picked up by a passer-by armed only with a portable computer, a wireless modem and a few pieces of software that can be freely downloaded from the Internet.
The data could include sensitive company documents containing valuable information. Or they could be e-mail identities and passwords that could be used by hackers to log into corporate networks as if they were legal users.
Most companies using wireless networking technology do not take even the simplest of measures to protect their data. Nearly all wireless network technology comes with some basic security features that need only to be activated (激活) in order to give a minimum level of security, for example, by encrypting the data being passed over the network.
Raymon Kruck, business development manager at Check Point Software, a security technology specialist, believes this could be partly a psychological problem. People see the solid walls of their building as safeguards and forget that wireless networks can extend up to 200 meters beyond physical walls.
Companies without any security at all on their wireless networks make it ridiculously easy for hackers to break in. Switching on the security that comes with the network technology should be automatic. Then there are other basic steps a company can take, says Mr. Kruck, such as changing the passwords on the network from the default (默认) setting.
Companies can also install firewalls, which form a barrier between the internal network and the public Internet. They should also check their computer records regularly to spot any abnormal activity, which might betray the presence of a hacker.
1.According to the study sponsored by RSA Data Security, two thirds of the subjects _______.
A．had most of their company data stolen
B．depended on wireless computer networks
C．were exposed to drive-by hacking
D．were unaware of the risk of wireless hacking
2.Whichof the following is NOT considered in the study?
A．The number of computer hacking incidents.
B．The number of wireless computer networks identified.
C．The way in which data are sent and received.
D．The way in which data are hacked and stolen.
3.Most wireless network technology has_________.
A．data encryption program B．password security programs
C．illegal-user detection D．firewall
4.Raymond Kruck most probably agrees that wireless network security involves ________.
A．wireless signal administration B．changes in user’s awareness
C．users’ psychological health D．stronger physical walls
5.The passage is most likely to be seen in a __________
A．book review B．science fiction C．textbook D．computer magazine
Cold weather has a great effect on how our minds and our bodies work. Maybe that is why there are so many expressions that use the word “cold”. For centuries, the body’s blood has been linked closely with the emotions. People who show no human emotions or feelings, for example, are said to be cold-blooded. Cold-blooded people act in merciless ways. They may do brutal things to others, and not by accident. For example, a newspaper says the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer. The killer murdered someone, not in self-defense. He seemed to kill for no reason, and with no emotion, as if taking someone’s life meant nothing.
Cold can affect other parts of the body, the feet, for example. Heavy socks can you’re your feet, if your feet are really cold. But there is an expression—to get cold feet—that has nothing to do with cold or your feet.
The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do. For example, you agree to be president of an organization. But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned. All the work of the organization will be your responsibility. You are likely to get cold feet about being the president when you understand the situation.
Cold can also affect your shoulder. You give someone the cold shoulder when you refuse to speak to them. You treat them in a distant and cold way. The expression probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face-to-face. You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you, or to someone who has lied about you to others.
A cold fish is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth. A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone.
Out in the cold is an expression often heard. It means not getting something that everybody else got. A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise, and that he was left out in the cold. And it is not a pleasant place to be.
1.The passage is intended to tell us that ______ .
A．cold weather has a great effect on human bodies
B．many English expressions contain the word “cold”
C．cold is a word closely linked with human emotions
D．the word “cold” has many different meanings in English
2.The underlined word “brutal” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.
A．impolite B．illegal C．cruel D．extreme
3.Which of the following expressions can best describe a person who is unwilling to offer anything to others?
A．Cold-blooded. B．To get cold feet. C．A cold shoulder. D．A cold fish.
4.You can say Tom ______ if the teacher gives all the boys except him a pen as a prize.
A．is given the cold shoulder
B．is left out in the cold
C．has got cold feet
D．is murdered by a cold-blooded killer
5.We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ______ .
A．all the expressions containing the word “cold” have a negative meaning
B．all the expressions containing the word “cold” have something to do with cold
C．people who show no human emotions or feelings have cold blood
D．many parts of the human body can be badly affected by cold
As the sound of footsteps behind her grew louder, she quickened her pace. She didn’t want to turn around as the memory of that morning’s newspaper headline made her afraid of what she would see: “City Killer Claims Fourth Victim.”
“Why did I stop for a few drinks in the bar after work?” she thought to herself. Now it was dark and the streets deserted. She was alone and a sitting duck.
She felt as if she was walking in the rain. Her clothes were damp from nervous sweat and as each short hot breath hit the night air, it turned to steam, coating her glasses in a thin film so all she saw seemed covered in fog.
The footsteps were closer now. She needed to get off this street. Her eyes began a useless search for an open store or lighted window. Passing a small lane she looked through，for a possible escape route. But the lane was a dead - end and she laughed to herself at the irony.
The sound of a car behind her turning onto the street interrupted her self – pity. Escape was at hand. But as she was about to throw herself onto the road and shout for the car to stop, the car’s headlights cast a shadow that paralyzed （使瘫痪） her with terror.
It was the footsteps’ owner. The figure was huge and in its raised arm it held what looked like a lead-pipe, no doubt the one that was about to claim victim number five.
The shadow dissolved as the car passed by and disappeared into the distance. She felt a hand on her shoulder. It was all happening as if in slow – motion. She was waiting for her life to flash before her eyes like all those novels said it would – but it didn’t. The only thing she thought of was her dear husband. She recalled phoning him from work that very afternoon and joking about, of all things, the city killer. It was a night full of ironies.
There was a voice talking to her now but she was lost in thoughts of her fate and didn’t respond. The hand then began turning her around. It was surprisingly gentle given what was about to come. She allowed it to guide her without resistance. （抵抗；反抗）
She looked up. She recognized the face, but she didn’t know from where. Its mouth was still talking to her but she couldn’t understand. Then she remembered. The face belonged to the foreign looking man who had served her at the bar. She looked down to his hand and saw in it not a lead – pipe but a rolled up copy of a work report she had been correcting in the bar as she drank.
His words suddenly started to register in her brain and she could hear him. “Miss, Miss. Are you OK? You left this in the bar and it looked important so I thought I’d better give it to you.”
1.The woman was feeling nervous because .
A．she had left her report in the bar
B．there was a killer in the city
C．she was being followed by someone
D．the streets were dark and empty
2.The underlined expression “a sitting duck” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “ ”.
A．an easy target B．a frightened person
C．a foolish animal D．a still position
3.What is the correct order of events that happened to the woman on the day of the story?
a. She went for a drink in a bar. b. She corrected the report.
c. She heard loud footsteps. d. She read the newspaper.
e. She called her husband. f. She felt a hand on her shoulder.
A．d,c,a,e,b,f B．c,d,a,e,f,b C．d,a,b,e,c,f D．d,e,a,b,c,f
4.Why did the woman laugh when she looked into the lane?
A．She was excited because she thought it may be a way to escape.
B．She felt bitter because she had no chance to escape.
C．She was becoming more and more nervous.
D．She realized that she was behaving foolishly.
5.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A．It was raining when she left the bar.
B．The woman had felt nervous about the city killer for days.
C．The temperature was very low that evening.
D．The woman was behaving unreasonably.
Women, as all research suggests, are far more critical of their appearance than men. Most of them are likely to feel dissatisfied with their reflection in the mirror.
It is quite possible that men looking in the mirror are either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body-image than women---if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged more on their appearance than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded (轰炸) with images of the “ideal” face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women trying to achieve the impossible standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average women, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population---and that’s just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., it’s probably more like 1%.
1.The passage is mainly to _____________.
A．compare different views on beauty between women and men
B．tell us that standards of female beauty are very high
C．explain why women are more critical of their appearance than men
D．show us that women pay more attention to their appearance than men
2.Which of the following is NOT the reason why women are more critical of their appearance?
A．People pay more attention to their appearance than men’s.
B．The criterion (标准；准则) used to judge women’s beauty is more critical and less changeable.
C．Idealized images of female beauty are constantly shown in different media.
D．Women tend to pursue perfection by nature.
3.Which statement is true about men?
A．Few men will feel pleased when they are looking themselves in the mirror.
B．Men looking in the mirror usually ignore the flaws in their appearance.
C．It is likely that men will consider themselves more attractive than they really are.
D．Men don’t care about their body image.
4.Nowadays, if an average woman weighs 110 pounds, then a physically perfect woman should weigh about _________.
A．85 pounds B．101 pounds C．90 pounds D．135 pounds
5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Most women try to achieve the standards of beauty.
B．The standards of female beauty. in the past were more easily achieved than today.
C．Women are more unrealistic in their pursuit of beauty than men.
D．Less than 5% of the female population can achieve the current media ideal for women.
A 12-year-old boy saw something in a shop window that set his heart racing. But the 1 – five dollars was far beyond Reuben Earle’s money. Five dollars would 2 almost a week’s food for his family.
But hearing the sound of hammering (捶打的声音) from a side street, Reuben had a(n) 3 . He ran towards the sound and discovered he could 4 the hessian sacks (麻袋) which were thrown away and sell them for five cents a piece.
Every day 5 , Reuben walked down the town, collecting 6 . On the day the school closed for the summer, no student was more 7 than Reuben, for he had more time for his “work”. Then one day the time had 8 .
Reuben ran down Water Street to the 9 . “Please, Mister. I have to sell the sacks now.” The man took the sacks, 10 into his pocket and placed four coins in Reuben’s hand. Reuben said a thank you and 11 home. On arriving home, Reuben uncovered the tin can 12 he kept the money. He poured the coins out and began to count. He had 13 .
Then he headed for the shop. “I have the money,” he told the owner 14 . The man went to the window and 15 Reuben’s treasure. He wiped the dust off, carefully wrapped (包裹) it in brown paper and 16 it to Reuben.
Racing home, Reuben shouted, “Here, Mom! Here!” He placed a small 17 in her hands. She unwrapped it carefully. A jewel box 18 . Dora lifted the lid (盖子), tears beginning to fill her eyes. Dora had 19 received such a gift; she had no jewelry 20 her wedding ring. Speechless, she smiled and gathered her son into her arms.
1. A．price B．cost C．worth D．value
2. A．buy B．offer C．enjoy D．expect
3. A．question B．try C．idea D．schedule
4. A．sell B．collect C．fetch D．bury
5. A．before dinner B．in class C．at church D．after school
6. A．the money B．the sacks C．the paper D．the tin cans
7. A．pleased B．surprised C．worried D．tired
8. A．passed B．ended C．come D．wasted
9. A．hotel B．school C．bank D．store
10. A．hid B．reached C．stole D．put
11. A．stayed B．walked C．got D．ran
12. A．when B．which C．while D．where
13. A．none B．enough C．little D．much
14. A．calmly B．honestly C．proudly D．angrily
15. A．took out B．gave out C．set out D．left out
16. A．lent B．threw C．handed D．took
17. A．box B．ring C．book D．letter
18. A．opened B．dropped C．appeared D．broke
19. A．often B．never C．just D．ever
20. A．including B．with C．as well as D．except for
假如你是高中生李华，有感于校园中存在的随地吐痰（to spit）和乱丢垃圾（to litter）等不文明行为，请用英语给校长写一封信，信中应包括以下内容：
1．说明写信目的；
2．对这些行为进行批评；
3．提出建议（至少两点）；
注意：1．可根据内容要点适当发挥，但不要逐条翻译。
2．词数150左右。
3．信的抬头、落款及信的第一句已给出（不计词数）。
