Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia found.
Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably happier when they spent money on others even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier.
“We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn,” said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia. They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity.
“No matter how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not,” Dunn said in a statement.
Dunn’s team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus of between $3,000 and $8,000. “Employees who devoted more of their bonus to prosocial spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself,” they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science.
They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it. Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it.
“These findings suggest that very minor changes in spending allocations-as little as $5 may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day,” Dunn said.
1.What is the general idea of the passage?
A.The more you earn, the greater happiness you will get.
B.Spending more money on yourself will make you happier.
C.Money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else.
D.You can spend only $5 a day on someone else to get happiness.
2.The underlined work “boost” in the first paragraph probably means .
A.help to find B.help to increase C.help to bring D.help to get
3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Those who spend more money on others can get much more bonus.
B.People usually think spending money on themselves will make them happier.
C.Very small changes in spending your money may be enough to gain happiness.
D.Researchers think that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn.
4.Dunn is .
A.a reporter in a journal B.a volunteer in the experiment
C.an employee in a company D.a psychologist at a university
5.It can be inferred from the 6th paragraph that .
A.the volunteers not given $5 or $20 spent their own money on themselves
B.those who spent the money on someone or something else felt happier about it
C.the volunteers were given $5 or $20 as a reward for the experiment
D.half of the volunteers could spend the money as they liked
WELCOME Welcome to Windsor Castle the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. Windsor is one of the official residences (住所)of the Queen, who sometimes stays here. Audio tours Free audio tours are available on leaving the Admission Centre at the start of your visit. There is a descriprive audio tour for blind and poor-sighted visitors. Guided tours Visitors can explore the history of the Castle through a tour of the Precincts with an expert guide. Tours depart at regular intervals throughout the day from the Courtyard and finish at the entrance to the State Apartments. Visitors with children For those visiting with children, a special family tour and various activities are offered during school holidays and at weekends. Please note that, for safety reasons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State Apartments. However, baby carriers are available to borrow. St George’s Chapel Visitors arriving at the Castel after 15:00 from March to October are advised to visit St George’s Chapel first, before it closes. |
Shopping Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs designed for the Royal Collection, including books; postcard, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. Please ask at the Middle Ward shop about our home delivery service. Refreshments Bottled water can be purchased from the Courtyard and Middle Ward shops. From April to September ice cream is also available. Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments in the town may obtain reentry permits from the castle shops. Eating and drinking are not permitted in the State Apartments of St George’s Chapel. Photography and mobile phones Non-commercial photography and filming are welcomed in the Castle. Photography, video recording and filming are not permitted inside the State Apartments or St George’s Chapel. Mobile phones must be switched off inside the State Apartments and St George’s Chapel in consideration of other visitors. Security As Windsor Castle is a working royal palace, visitors and their belongings should get through airport-style security checks. For safety and security reasons a one-way system operates along the visitor route. |
1.A visitor can apply for a free audio tour .
A.in the Courtyard B.in the State Apartments
C.at the Admission Center D.at St George’s Chapel
2.What is specially offered to visitors with kids?
A.A security guard. B.A pushchair. C.A free toy. D.A baby carrier.
3.Who can get re-entry permits?
A.Visitors buying gifts in the castle shops.
B.Visitors wishing to eat outside the Castle.
C.Visitors buying water from the Courtyard.
D.Visitors eating outside St George’s Chapel.
4.Why are visitors required to turn off their mobile phones?
A.To prevent them from disturbing others.
B.To ensure the safety of others.
C.To ensure the security of the Castle.
D.To prevent the use of the built-in cameras.
5.In the last part, a “working royal palace” refers to one .
A.where the queen usually works B.where works of art are on show
C.still being constructed D.still used by the royal family
I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be 37 but a failure.” After five years of 38 jobs, I fell in love with a very nice middle-class girl. It was the beatific 39 that could have happened to me. I 40 I wanted to do something positive (积极地) with my life because I wanted to prove to 41 that what people said about me was 42 . Especially her mother, who had said to me, “Let’s 43 it, you’ve failed at everything you’ve ever done.” So I tried hard with my 44 and went to college. My first novel 45 while I was at college. After college I taught during the 46 in high schools and attended evening classes at London University, where I got a 47 in history. I became a lecturer at a college and was thinking of 48 that job to write full time 49 I was offered a part-time job at Leeds University. I began to feel proud of myself — 50 was a working-class boy who’d 51 school early, now teaching at the university. My writing career (职业) took off when I discovered my own style. Now I’m rich and 52 , have been on TV, and met lots of film stars. 53 what does it mean? I 54 wish all the people that have put me down had 55 : “I believe in you. You’ll succeed.”
1. A.bright B.useless C.simple D.hopeful
2. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
3. A.low B.good C.poor D.useful
4. A.support B.happiness C.surprise D.thing
5. A.admitted B.decided C.planned D.told
6. A.me B.them C.her D.it
7. A.stupid B.right C.wrong D.faulty
8. A.see B.know C.understand D.face
9. A.experiment B.practice C.writing D.composition
10. A.came on B.came in C.came back D.came out
11. A.day B.night C.month D.year
12. A.graduation B.pass C.degree D.success
13. A.giving in B.giving back C.giving out D.giving up
14. A.while B.if C.or D.when
15. A.there B.it C.here D.that
16. A.left B.attended C.changed D.graduated
17. A.tired B.calm C.nervous . D.famous
18. A.And B.But C.However D.Well
19. A.so B.exactly C.just D.very
20. A.said B.praised C.answered D.advised
-----Jack, you seem in high spirits.
----- . We won the match 4-0.
A.Guess what B.So what C.No wonder D.No doubt
He made clear that he would take part in the sports meeting.
A.these B.that C.this D.it
The Internet is the biggest information resource, which millions of pages of data.
A.is made up B.makes up C.is made of D.consists of