1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist.So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different processs. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travellers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, the process was improved. Now photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States, where from the 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.
Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality.
Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible
In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film readymade in rolls. So they did not have to make the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later, meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.
With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favourite places. They called these pictures "snapshots".
Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings.
Photography had turned into a form of art by the beginning of the 20th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
1.The passage is mainly about______________.
A．the invention of cameras
B．a kind of new art -- photography
C．the development of photography
D．the different uses of cameras in history
2. The first pictures of a war were taken by ____________.
A．a French photographer in the 1840s
B．an American photographer in the 1860s
C．a German reporter in the 1880s
D．a French artist in the 1890s
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the photography in the 19th century?
A．It was mainly based on the invention of the first photograph.
B．Photographers were popular in the United States because they carried lots of equipment.
C．Photographers used to make film themselves and developed it immediately after taking a photo.
D．Small handheld cameras made it possible for anyone to become a gifted photographer.
4.In which order are the following statements mentioned in the passage?
a. Photographs became popular in newspapers.
b. Photographers carried processing equipment when taking pictures.
c. The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier.
d. Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype.
e. Brady took pictures of famous people.
A．e,a, d, b, c B．d, b, e, c, a
C．b, e, c, a, d D．d, c, e, a , b
5. Photography can also be an art form because artists can ____________.
A．take anything they like
B．keep a record of real life
C．take photos of the famous
D．show ideas and feelings in pictures
Pigs are always considered dirty animals because they roll in mud．But in fact they prefer being quite clean．They cover themselves with mud to help stay cool．During cooler weather, they prefer to stay clean．So do elephants,who also cover themselves in dust or mud to keep cool． When they find a place with clean water they will take a bath，using their long noses to give themselves—or each other—a nice shower
Some animals use dust to get clean．Chinchillas (南美洲栗鼠) have very fine fur． They don`t like to take water baths because water is not warm enough for them．So, instead, they roll around in fine dust．The dust helps to keep their fur and skin dry．This protects them from disease
Usually, a small bird is a light meal for a crocodile．But when a crocodile wants its teeth cleaned．it lies on the ground with its mouth open．The crocodile bird goes in and picks out any parasites(寄生虫)between the crocodile`s teeth or under its tongue．The crocodile gets its mouth cleaned，and the crocodile bird gets dinner．
You wouldn`t think fish would need baths．But some undersea parasites live under the fish`s skin．“Cleaner”fish，like the wrasse(隆头鱼)，help take them away．The wrasse stands on its head and dances to signal a big fish that it is ready to go into the cleaning business．The big fish will stop moving and open its mouth wide so the wrasse can swim inside and pick out parasites and bits of food．
1.The passage is mainly about how animals ．
A．stay clean B．help each other
C．get their food D．Take baths
2.What can we learn from the first paragraph about pigs?
A．They can help each other take baths．
B．They are dirtier during cooler weather．
C．They prefer taking baths to rolling in mud．
D．They like to stay cool and clean．
3.Chinchillas use dust to get clean for the following reasons EXCEPT that ．
A． dust can dry their fur and skin
B．They are not good at swimming
C．Water is too cold for them
D．Dust is good for their health
4.From Paragraphs 3 and 4，we earl know that ．
A．some animals can get clean from others`help
B．Most animals are friendly to each other
C．small animals couldn`t get food from big ones
D．All of the animals prefer to stay clean
5.We can infer from the last paragraph that the wrasse
A．is often eaten by other fish
B．1ikes under other fish`s skin
C．is a small kind of fish
D．1ikes taking baths
Moving to a new city and state was difficult for me, especially in winter. Little did I know that a Colorado snowstorm would greet me after I had been in my new home for only a week.
I just missed home. But more than the old house and the beach, I missed Stacey, my best friend. And I missed our lovely tea. Going to a sweet little tearoom, we had discovered was a special treat for us. The place was a Victorian dream, with delicate teacups and tablecloths with flower prints. The hat shelf near the front door swept us back to childhood. Stacey and I became little girls, trying on different hats until we found the perfect one for our dress-up tea party. We would then choose a lovely table and order our tea. That was a precious time, filled with laughter between scones（煎饼） and sharing our lives between tiny cucumber sandwiches.
Springtime descended upon Denver, and the sun lightened my heart. But I still fought loneliness almost every day. I decided to explore the Denver area. While my husband went to the office, I took time to see what our new area had to offer.
One day, I was walking along the street when suddenly the words "Tea Leaves" caught my eye. A tea room? Here, in the land of loneliness and pain?
I walked through the doors, and tears came to my eyes. It was a beautiful room, not Victorian, but simple and lovely.
I sat down and ordered a pot of tea, a cucumber sandwich, and some scones.It felt silly and wonderful --- and it felt like home. For the first time since moving, I felt as if this new city and state could be, would eventually be, my home. I would come back here and bring new friends. When Stacey visited, we would come here.
I lifted my cup and made a silent toast. I toasted Stacey, whom I missed ly, and I toasted the sweet little tearoom that lessened my pain.
1. The author's hometown ______________.
A．never snows
B．is still warm in winter
C．has a long history
D．is in an area by the sea
2. The underlined word "treat" in Paragraph 2 probable means ____________.
A．delicious food B．something pleasant
C．service D．a kind of tea party
3. We can know from Paragraph 3 that the author ______________.
A．didn't adapt to the new life
B．felt comfortable in the new environment in spring
C．didn't feel lonely any more in spring
D．wanted to actively adapt to the new environment
4.Which of the following about "Tea Leaves" is true?
A．It made the author recall her childhood.
B．It looks silly and wonderful.
C．Cucumber sandwiches and scones are its specialties.
D．It touched the author.
5.We can infer from the text that the author would probably ____________.
A．open her own teahouse
B．ask the owner of the teahouse to decorate it like a home
C．make new friends in Denver
D．go back to her hometown to visit Stacey
某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Opinions。本期话题是：行动胜过话语。请结合发生在你身边的一两件事情，如：学习、勤俭节约、保护环境...。以“ Action Speaks Louder Than Words”为题写一篇英语短文，说明”喊破嗓子不如甩开膀子”。
注意：1.字数：120词左右；2．短文中不能出现有关于本人真实校名、班级、人名等具体信息；
阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在文章后的表格中填入恰当的单词。注意：表格中的每个空只填一个单词。
Stress is an uncomfortable feeling in the mind from any situation or thought that makes you feel frustrated,angry, or anxious. Stress is often accompanied by physical symptoms like trembling,sleeping difficulties and nightmares（恶梦）.
Stress is a normal part of life.In small quantities,stress is good—it can motivate you and help you be more productive. However,too much stress is harmful. It can cause general poor health as well as specific physical or mental depression. Persistent and never-ceasing stress often leads to anxiety and unhealthy behaviours like abuse of alcohol or drugs.
Certain drugs can lead to symptoms of stress due to side effects. A poor diet can also contribute to stress or anxiety.Performance stress is related to specific situations,like taking a test or making a presentation in public. Post-traumatic stress develops after an unforgettably shocking event like war, physical attacks, or a natural disaster.
Any effective ways to cope with your stress or anxiety? One step is to make a list of what you think might be making you ‘stress out’:Is something constantly on your mind? Does anything in particular make you sad or depressed?
Then,find someone you believe in who will listen to you. Often,just talking to a friend or loved one is all that is needed to relieve anxiety. Most communities also have support groups and hotlines that can help. Social workers,psychologists,and other mental health professionals may be needed for therapy and medication.
Also, find healthy ways to deal with stress. For example, eat a healthy diet,get enough sleep, exercise regularly, limit caffeine and alcohol.Learn and practice relaxation techniques like yoga and tai chi. Make sure to balance fun activities with your responsibilities. Spend time with people you enjoy. Find self-help books at your local library or bookstore.
|
Title |
Stress |
|
The 1. of stress |
An uncomfortable feeling in the mind,making you feel frustrated,angry and anxious,2. by many symptoms |
|
The3. stress has on people |
●Positive/good stress can motivate people,4. people be more productive ●5. /harmful stress will cause poor health as well as physical and psychological illnesses |
|
Possible6. of stress |
●Side effects of certain drugs ●Poor diets ●Stress 7. with specific situations,like taking a test or making a presentation in public ●Stress developing after unforgettably shocking events,like war,physical attacks,or a natural disaster |
|
Effective 8. |
●9. what makes you “stress out” ●Finding someone you trust who will listen to you ●Finding healthy ways to deal with it,such as10. good habits and living a healthy life |
Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.
One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements（组成部分）of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.
Language
A. knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicate directly. Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly. Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.
Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad . An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. For example, many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.
Customs and manners
Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad before the main course at dinner, not after. It’s not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn’t sell well because the French don’t usually drink juice with breakfast.
1.A. knowledge of the local language allows international business people _________.
A. to be more open with their customers
B. to have a better idea of their own culture
C. to express their thoughts indirectly
D. to communicate without outside help
2.The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of ________.
A．attitudes B．values C．manners D．customs
3.What would be the best title for the text?
A．Misconceptions in Business
B．Basic Beliefs in Business
C．International Business Culture
D．Successful International Business
4.The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people ___________
A．how to take a right attitude in business
B．how to avoid misunderstandings in business
C．how to use a local language in business
D．how to act politely and properly in business
to coping with stress