Question

The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.

It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.

Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.

What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.

1.What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

A．Improving the quality.

B．Deciding the conditions.

C．Fixing the time.

D．Worsening the state.

2.The passage is developed mainly by_________.

A．giving examples

B．showing the effect and then explaining the causes

C．pointing out similarities and differences

D．describing the changes in space order

3.What is the passage mainly about?

A．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.

B．The eating habit of African elephants.

C．Disappearance of African elephants

D．The effect of African elephants’ search for food

4.What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?

A．They are home to many endangered animals.

B．They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.

C．They result from the destruction of rain forests.

D．They provide food mainly for African elephants.

Answer

1.B

2.B

3.D

4.B

【解析】

试题分析：本文介绍大象对环境的影响，这主要是因为大象对食物的需求，对野生动植物都是有好处的，但科学家担心近些年大象的数量在减少，可能也会影响到周围的环境。

1.猜词题：从前面的句子：it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives,可知是“决定周围的环境”的意思，选B

2.文章结构题：文章第一段讲的是大象对环境的影响，后面解释的是原因。选B

3.主旨题：从第二段的句子：It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat.可知这篇文章讲的是大象对食物的需求对环境造成的影响。选D

4.细节题：从第三段的句子：In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.可知开阔的空间吸引了很多食草的动物。选B。

考点：考查科普环保类短文