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For centuries, people have wondered about the strange places that they seem to visit in their sleep. ___1.___ However, they have been valued as necessary to a person’s health and happiness.
Historically people thought dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams scientifically believing that they tell about a person’s character. ___2.__ He believed that dreams allow a person to express fantasies or fears, which would be socially unacceptable in real life.
The second theory to become popular was Carl Jung’s compensation theory. Jung, a former student of Freud, said that the purpose of a dream is not to hide something, but rather to communicate it to the dreamer. ___3.__ Thus, people who think too highly of themselves may dream about falling; those who think too little of themselves dream of being heroes.
Using more recent research, William Domhoff from the University of California found that dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop in humans. ___4.___ Until they reach age five, they can not express very well what their dreams are about. Once people become adults, there is little or no change in their dreams. The dreams of men and women differ.
The meaning of dreams continues to be difficult to understand. ___5.___ If you dream that a loved one is going to die, do not panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that your loved one is going to die.
A．Dreams make up for what is lacking in waking life.
B．However, people should not take their dreams as reality.
C．They have been considered as meaningless nighttime journeys.
D．It gives scientists chances to better understand human mind.
E．Children do not dream as much as adults.
F．They think their mind is trying to tell them something.
G．First, there was Sigmund Freud’s theory.
It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects(前景) of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual(智力的) opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary(包括各种学科的) team, manage budgets and negotiate(谈判) contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
1.By “a one-way street” in the first paragraph, the author means ________.
A．university researchers know little about the commercial world
B．there is little exchange between industry and academia
C．few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
D．few university professors are willing to do industrial research
2.The word “deterrent” most probably refers to something that _____.
A．keeps someone from taking action
B．helps to move the traffic
C．attracts people’s attention
D．brings someone a financial burden
3.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
A．Flexible work hours.
B．Her research interests.
C．Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.
D．Prospects of academic accomplishments.
4.Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.
A．do financially more rewarding work
B．raise his status in the academic world
C．enrich his experience in medical research
D．have better intellectual opportunities
5.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
A．Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market
B．Develop its students’ potential in research.
C．Help it to obtain financial support from industry.
D．Adapt its research to practical applications.
Drunken driving—sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder—has become a national epidemic(流行病). Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past ten years.
A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or several glasses of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American manly image and judges were serious in most courts, but the drunken slaughter(屠宰) has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing(使翻转) a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.
Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.
Though new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decline in accidents, some states are also punishing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A bar in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who “obviously drunk” and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy.
As the accidents continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition(禁止) of alcohol that began in 1919, what President Hoover called the “noble experiment”. They forgot that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.
1.From the first paragraph, we can know that _________.
A．most Americans like drinking
B．heavy drinking is hard to avoid
C．many Americans are killed by drunk drivers
D．Americans are not shocked by traffic accidents
2.In America, public opinion about drunken driving has changed because ________.
A．judges are no longer serious
B．new laws are introduced in some states
C．the problem has attracted public attention
D．drivers do not appreciate their manly image
3.What can be inferred from the fact of the traffic accidents in New Jersey?
A．The legal drinking age should be raised.
B．Young drivers were usually bad.
C．Most drivers hoped to raise the legal drinking age.
D．Drivers should not be allowed to drink.
4.Laws recently introduced in some states have _________.
A．reduced the number of deaths.
B．resulted in fewer serious accidents.
C．prevented bars from serving drunken customers.
D．specified the amount drivers can drink.
5.Which of the following best shows the writer’s opinion of drunken driving?
A．It may lead to organized crime.
B．It is difficult to solve this problem.
C．The new laws can stop heavy drinking.
D．There should be no bars to serve drink.
A young man who lived in London was in love with a beautiful girl. Soon she became his fiancée. The man was very poor while the girl was rich. The young man wanted to make her a present on her birthday. He wanted to buy something beautiful for her, but he had no idea how to do it, as he had very little money.
The next morning he went to a shop. There were many fine things there: gold watches, diamond… but all these things were too expensive. There was one thing he could not take his eyes off. It was a beautiful vase. That was a suitable present for his fiancée. He had been looking at the vase for half an hour when the manager of the shop noticed him. The young man looked so pale, sad and unhappy that the manager asked what had happened to him.
The young man told him everything. The manager felt sorry for him and decided to help him. A bright idea struck him. The manager pointed to the corner of the shop. To his great surprise the young man saw a vase broken into many pieces. The manager said: “When the servant enters the room, he will drop it.”
On the birthday of his fiancée the young man was very excited. Everything happened as had been planned. The servant brought in the vase, and as he entered the room, he dropped it. There was horror on everybody's face. When the box was opened, the guests saw that each piece was packed separately(分离地).
1.The story took place ______.
A．France B．England C．Germany D．the US
2.Which of the following is true?
A．The young man's family was poor while the beautiful girl is rich.
B．A rich young man fell in love with a beautiful girl.
C．The young man loved the girl but the girl didn't love him.
D．The young man had enough money to buy a beautiful vase.
3.Why did the young man want to buy a present for the girl?
A．He wanted to give her a Christmas present.
B．He fell in love with her.
C．Her birthday was coming soon.
D．They were going to get married.
4.Why did the shop manager come to talk to the young man?
A．He looked very excited.
B．He looked pale and sad.
C．He was poorly dressed.
D．He said he wanted to buy a beautiful vase.
5.What do you think happened at the end of the story?
A．The manager had cheated the young man.
B．His fiancee must be thankful to him for the present.
C．The guests would be angry because the servant had broken the vase.
D．What the careful servant had done gave the trick away.
Every morning a woman baked Chapati, an Indian cake, for her family and an extra one for a hungry passerby. She would place the extra cake on the ___(21)___ for someone to take it.
She noticed a hunchback (驼背) came every day and took the extra cake. Instead of expressing ___(22)___, he would mutter (嘀咕) the following words as he went his way: “The evil you do ___(23)___ with you. The good you do, comes back to you!”
This went on day after day. The woman felt very ___(24)___. One day, she decided to ___(25)___ him. She added poison to the cake she prepared for him! As she was about to place it on the window, her hands trembled. She threw his cake into the fire ___(26)___, prepared another one and put it on the window.
As usual, the hunchback came, ___(27)___the cake and muttered the same words. The hunchback proceeded on his way, ___(28)___ nothing about the fight in the mind of the woman.
The woman had a ___(29)___ who had gone to a distant place to ___(30)___ his fortune. Every day, as the woman placed the cake on the window, she offered a ___(31)___ for him. For many months she had no news of him and she prayed for his ___(32)___ return.
That evening, there was a knock on the door. Opening it, she was surprised to find her son standing there. His clothes and shoes were ___(33)___. He was starved and ___(34)___.
Looking at his mother he said, “Mom, it’s a(n) ___(35)___ I' m here. When 1 was but a mile away, I was so starved that I collapsed (晕倒). I would have died, but for a whole ___(36)___ an old hunchback gave me.”
As the mother heard those words, her face turned ___(37)___. She leaned against the door for ___(38)___. Had she not burnt it in the fire, it would have ___(39)___ her own son!
It was then that she ___(40)___ the significance of the words: “The evil you do remains with you. The good you do, comes back to you!”
1. A．door B．roof C．stone D．window
2. A．concern B．hope C．gratitude D．regret
3. A．agrees B．remains C．differs D．fights
4. A．annoyed B．delighted C．disappointed D．relieved
5. A．look into B．get rid of C．search for D．argue with
6. A．immediately B．fortunately C．purposely D．carefully
7. A．checked up B．picked up C．ate up D．threw up
8. A．asking B．answering C．knowing D．wondering
9. A．daughter B．husband C．relative D．son
10. A．get B．have C．seek D．tell
11. A．greeting B．hello C．kiss D．prayer
12. A．double B．happy C．safe D．warm
13. A．broken out B．worn out C．cut out D．thrown out
14. A．strong B．free C．happy D．weak
15. A．event B．miracle C．mistake D．surprise
16. A．cake B．egg C．meal D．supply
17. A．black B．green C．pale D．yellow
18. A．fear B．strength C．support D．weight
19. A．helped B．killed C．missed D．surrounded
20. A．valued B．recognized C．remembered D．realized
—How did you find the fashion show?
—_______________.
A．A friend of mine showed me the way B．It was fascinating
C．The designer invited me D．By taking a No.11 bus
