Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer(温度计)for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. 1. We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don’t feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.
Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.
Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide. 2.
The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury(水银)inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts. That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube. 3.
First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw(吸管) through the nail hole.
4.
Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water level easily.
5.
As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the level in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water level in the straw each morning for a week.
A．Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.
B．We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.
C．Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal (把……粘住) them together.
D．The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.
E．They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
F．Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.
G．People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.
Moral science is taught as a subject in most schools but with little effect. Perhaps part of the problem lies in the fact that morality is not a science, strictly speaking. It is too much of a social phenomenon, and also has too much of the personal and subjective things mixed within. Besides, morality itself changes with generations. So it is impossible to be defined in a textbook.
I remember sitting through forty minutes of moral lessons, which told stories about little children who never told lies and were rewarded for their goodness. It had little effect and left no impression on me, though.
If moral science has to be taught as a subject in schools, it needs a participatory(参与其中的) approach. When you tell a child about morals, you also have to deal with social norms（规范）and cultural differences. You have to explain that morality can be subjective, and be able to co-exist in society. You will probably have to refer to the morals of the present time.
The best way to tell a child how to live is to show him what is valued. If a child likes his friend, you have to make the child think about why. Once the child notices and recognizes goodness in others, he or she is likely to develop it as well.
In fact, children learn most of their morals by watching people around them. They absorb behavior patterns from teachers and older students. They watch to see what is rewarded and who is punished. They learn on the sports field and through social work. Moral science lessons should simply consist of letting them live and interact, and watch you support correct values and reward good behavior.
1.Which is NOT the reason that moral science is taught in schools but with little effect?
A．Morality doesn’t strictly belong to a science.
B．Morality is more like a social phenomenon.
C．Morality can’t be written down in textbooks.
D．Different generations have different moral ideas.
2.The author describes his own experience of having moral lessons in order to _____.
A．explain telling lies is not moral for little children
B．advise people should be rewarded for their goodness
C．show he has no opinions about moral science
D．prove moral lessons in schools have little effect
3.When you tell a child about morals, you should________.
A．teach him to share personal moral ideas with others
B．tell him about social norms and cultural differences
C．explain that nobody can influence his moral ideas
D．say that the present morals are likely to be changed
4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The influence of people’s behavior on morals.
B．The value of teachers’ setting a good example.
C．The best way of teaching children about morals.
D．The importance of rewarding good behavior.
Are you a problem shopper? The answer is “Yes”, if you or someone else thinks that you sometimes get carried away with shopping. In other words, do you or does someone else think you are occupied in extreme shopping? If people have regrets later about their shopping, or have an “out-of-control” feeling about the quantities of what they buy or the amount of credit they use, they may be considered to be problem shoppers.
Extreme shopping can lead to a more serious problem – addictive shopping. Addictive shoppers feel driven by the desire to shop and spend money. They experience great tension which drives them to shop and spend money and they feel a “rush” during the time they are occupied with the shopping activity.
Extreme or addictive shopping may result from long-time unpleasant feelings, of which anxiety, pain and shame are common ones. When we feel bad inside, we often do something to make ourselves feel better. In this case, we often go shopping.
A few people shop to relieve their boredom or emptiness. For some people, the motivation is a desire for status, power, beauty or success. Some love to shop as it makes them feel valued in the eyes of the shop assistants. Others shop simply because it makes them forget, at least temporarily, tension, fear or unhappiness in their life.
Besides, shopping malls are designed to encourage continual shopping. For instance, there are some malls where you can’t see clocks displaying the time because they don’t want you to become too aware of the time you spend there. What’s more, food courts, coffee shops and restrooms are provided, so you don’t have to leave the mall because of your physical needs.
Therefore, once you become aware of how market forces work, you will certainly come to control your shopping behavior. For example, how much time you will spend and what areas you will visit can be decided before you enter the mall. Keep a written account of what items you will buy and how much money you will spend. Make a plan for what you are going to buy before you feel the urge to shop and then stick to it. That is vital for gaining self-control.
1.Which of the following people may not be problem shoppers?
A．Those who cannot control the amount of credit they use.
B．Those who feel sorry for their shopping.
C．Those who are occupied in too much shopping.
D．Those who just walk around the shopping malls.
2.According to the passage, what may not result in addictive shopping?
A．The desire for status, power, beauty or success.
B．The awareness of how market forces work.
C．Boredom, emptiness, tension, fear or unhappiness in people’s life.
D．Long-time bad feelings of anxiety, pain and shame.
3.What does the author suggest to control our shopping behaviour?
A．Never going to the shopping malls because there are many tricks.
B．Applying for a credit card before we go shopping.
C．Making a shopping list before we go shopping.
D．Making the shopping time as short as possible.
4.The author writes this passage to .
A．inform the shopping malls how to attract more shoppers
B．tell a shopping story
C．scold the problem shoppers
D．provide solutions to the problem shopping.
Back those photos up
The images were striking. Homes on the East Coast were washed away by Superstorm Sandy. People were in tears, picking up faded photographs, among their only remaining possessions.
If that doesn’t move you to get serious about safekeeping your lifetime of memories, what will? The digital age offers tools never imaginable before—including one-click access to a lifetime of family photos.
Here is a brochure on how to back up (存) your photos and save them online, where they can live forever and be accessible in good times and bad.
Scanning
The first step for those old photos is to scan them and save them to a digital format. Most printers come with scanners these days, so that’s an easy but extremely time-consuming step.
Storing the photos
With your scans in place, import the photos into your computer, and back them up.
You could make multiple copies of the disks and spread them to loved ones. Or you could choose external(外接的) hard drives or USB thumb drive, and add your photo and video collection from your computer.
Online backup
If you need lots of space, look at a pure online backup service, Caronite.
Caronite backs up 300 million files daily. Once you sign up, it starts to pick up everything you have on your hard drive. But photo collection on your computer’s main hard drive charges for $59 a year.
Cloud Storage
For folks who don’t need automatic backup, but instead want to take a more active approach, Dropbox, Google Drive and Microsoft’s SkyDrive let you store files online by yourself, share and instantly access them. All offer free options—2GB of free storage for Dropbox, 5GB for Google and 7GB for SkyDrive. But if you want more, you need to pay.
Bottom Line
The hard drive or flash drive is the cheapest and easiest. But drives can fail. Online services are more expensive, but more secure. With more of us switching back and forth between our computers, such services are the best way to get access to our data from wherever we are.
1.Why does the author mention Superstorm Sandy?
A．To tell the background of the scanning photos.
B．To describe a severe natural disaster.
C．To attract the readers’ interest in the backups.
D．To win the readers’ sympathy.
2.What can we know from the passage?
A．Scanning photos take little time but costs a lot.
B．Caronite charges for backing up photos from hard drive.
C．Google Drive offers unlimited free photo storage on line.
D．The hard drive or flash drive is the cheapest and safest.
3.Which of the following allows storing files automatically?
A．Dropbox. B．SkyDrive. C．Caronite. D．Flash drive.
4.The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A．introduce some of the storage services
B．tell real stories about storage services
C．describe the functions of storage services
D．argue about the advantage of storage services
In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what "keeping up with the Joneses" is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbors.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors.
It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They had to move back to an apartment in New York City. Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbors. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it "Keeping up with the Joneses” because "Jones" is a very common name in the United States. "Keeping up with the Joneses" came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand's series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are "Joneses" in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.
1.Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ______.
A．want to be as rich as their neighbors
B．want others to know or to think that they are rich
C．don't want others to know they are rich
D．want to be happy
2.It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ________.
A．live outside New York City
B．live in New York City
C．live in apartments
D．live with many neighbors
3.What's the author's attitude to keeping up with the Joneses?
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Supportive. D．Objective.
I was nineteen years old the first time I saw my own true character.
My trip to and from work each day included a ten-minute walk through the heart of downtown, where the 36 often gathered. Like most busy citizens, I learned to 37 those nameless faces. When it came to homeless beggars, my 38 life experience had led me to one 39 that they are on the street because they choose to be, probably due to alcohol or drugs.
It was an extremely cold day. When I passed the groups of beggars as usual, I heard a shaky voice target me.
“Spare some change?” he asked.
I didn’t even 40 looking up at his nameless face. I briefly 41 him walking into a liquor store and buying whiskey with the money we spared him. Like most teenagers, it took me only moments to 42 him.
“I have no money on me,” I said quickly.
Looking back now, I feel as if God had set out that day to teach me a lesson. And God 43 . Just a few feet past him, I managed to find the only ice patch on the sidewalk. I 44 and landed heavily on my right knee. The 45 was almost killing me as I tried to get up. Then I heard a shaky voice only inches above me.
“Are you all right?” he asked.
I knew immediately this was the man I had just rushed past. Even in pain, I 46 took a quick moment to sniff for the smell of alcohol on his breath. There was none. He wasn’t 47 . I saw the 48 in his eyes.
I 49 to get to my feet. He held my arm as I walked difficultly to the nearby bus stop.
“My name is Mike,” he said. “That’s quite a fall you took, and you really need to get it checked by a doctor,” he said with deep 50 .
“This bus goes past the hospital,” I said.
Mike paused, and a look of sudden 51 crossed his face. He reached into his pocket and pulled out a small cup. He took out all the change and held it out toward me.
“I think there’s just enough here for you to take the bus,” he said.
I was highly embarrassed as I remembered my 52 . I reached for my purse and took out my change. At least ten dollars. I offered Mike all my change.
“Thank you and take care of yourself,” I said. Both of us knew that few minutes earlier I couldn’t have 53 what happened to him.
Mike held his cup tightly, 54 it as if it were the first gift he had ever received.
A half cup of change seemed too small a gift for the man who gave a 55 to every nameless face I’ve ever seen.
1. A．doctors B．beggars C．citizens D．sellers
2. A．pity B．observe C．forgive D．ignore
3. A．limited B．painful C．meaningful D．rich
4. A．fact B．rule C．assumption D．suggestion
5. A．mind B．bother C．avoid D．bear
6. A．imagined B．followed C．noticed D．heard
7. A．judge B．stop C．tease D．blame
8. A．signed B．succeeded C．responded D．approached
9. A．skipped B．dashed C．slipped D．hesitated
10. A．regret B．scare C．cold D．pain
11. A．still B．ever C．yet D．also
12. A．honest B．reliable C．drunk D．shabby
13. A．greed B．surprise C．sorrow D．sympathy
14. A．failed B．struggled C．hurried D．chose
15. A．relief B．satisfaction C．understanding D．concern
16. A．confusion B．realization C．excitement D．sadness
17. A．lie B．injury C．promise D．experience
18. A．known B．predicted C．cared D．accepted
19. A．treasuring B．protecting C．making D．showing
20. A．lesson B．name C．chance D．fortune
