Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
1.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.
A．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
B．analyse the causes of errors made by football referees
C．set a standard for football refereeing
D．reexamine the rules for football refereeing
2.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.
A．slightly above average B．higher than in the 1998 World Cup
C．quite unexpected D．as high as in a standard match
3.The findings of the experiment show that ________.
A．errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B．the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C．the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely errors will occur
D．errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
4.The word “officials” (Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.
A．the researchers involved in the experiment
B．the inspectors of the football tournament
C．the referees of the football tournament
D．the observers at the site of the experiment
5.What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A．The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B．Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C．A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D．An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.
Hilton Shanghai, the city's first international hotel, has been recognized as a top business hotel in Shanghai for its convenient location and outstanding facilities for more than 20 years.
However, the hotel's newly appointed general manager Gerd Knaust says it is the people that make the hotel successful.
More than 380 employees have been working with the hotel for more than 15 years. Some of them have personal relationships with customers.
''It's a people-relation business,'' Knaust says. ''They really tell me about the stories in the last 15 years. It's something very nice to listen to. It's also a lasting memory for the guests.''
In fact, over the years, some of the guests have stayed in the hotel 200 or even 300 times.
Knaust, who has been working in the hospitality industry for more than 30 years, started his career as a chef in Germany. During his early 30s, Knaust already moved to the top in the culinary (烹调的) field as director of kitchen of Hyatt Regency Cologne in Germany.
After holding several general manager positions in Mandarin Oriental hotels, Knaust joined Hilton International as the general manager to open the Conrad and Doubletree by Hilton at Haitang Bay, Sanya in 2010.
When he was appointed as the general manager of Hilton Shanghai in November, he not only was heavily involved in recruitment, sales and marketing strategies but also he worked closely with the food and beverage team to develop the hotel's restaurant concepts and menus.
''I believe that we should offer quality and healthy food.'' he says.
Knaust believes that a hotel must value the customers' comments on Ctrip, Trip Advisor and other platforms, etc.
''It keeps us more on guard to be 100 percent professional,'' he says.
1.Why do business travelers choose Hilton Shanghai?
A．Because of its location, facilities and good service.
B．Because it is in Shanghai.
C．Because its general manager is excellent.
D．Because some customers are the staff’s relatives.
2.From the passage we know ______ .
A．Hilton Shanghai is the first international hotel in China
B．Gerd Knaust thinks that the staff is the most important in making the hotel successful
C．Gerd Knaust has worked in Hilton Shanghai for more than 20 years
D．most of the employees in Hilton Shanghai have personal relationships with customers
3.Knaust joined Hilton International as the general manager to ______.
A．start his career as chef
B．be involved in recruitment
C．open the Conrad and Doubletree
D．develop the hotel’s restaurant concepts and menus
4.Trip Advisor in the last paragraph but one is likely to be______.
A．a person who can give you some advice about trip
B．a place where you can have a good trip
C．an organization which can give you some advice
D．a website where travelers can leave their advice
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A．First international hotel in Shanghai. B．How to manage a hotel well.
C．Knaust's management idea. D．Knaust's life story.
Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential. Zone 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less-crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by underground.
Meal Plans Available
☆ Continental Breakfast
☆ Breakfast and Dinner
☆ Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal, bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host’s permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practice English at home quite as much.
1.The passage is probably written for ____________.
A．hosts willing to receive foreign students
B．foreigners hoping to build British culture
C．travelers planning to visit families in London
D．English learners applying to visit families in London
2.Which of the following will the host provide?
A．Room cleaning B．Medical care
C．Free transport D．Physical training
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A．Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.
B．The business centre of London is in Zone 1.
C．Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.
D．Accommodation in the city centre is not provided.
4.According to the passage, what does Continental Breakfast include?
A．Dessert and coffee. B．Fruit and vegetable.
C．Bread and fruit juice D．Cereal and cold meat.
5.Why do some people choose self-catering accommodation?
A．To experience a warmer family atmosphere.
B．To enrich their knowledge of English.
C．To entertain friends as they like.
D．To enjoy much more freedom
Surveys show that although a man and a woman have the same level or handle the same position in an organization, the man would get a higher or bigger compensation package 1. (compare) with women. Because of this, many women are just contented to be in subordinate positions in finance, human resources, sales, manufacturing or other 2. (support) roles.
There are still 3. barriers that prevent women from reaching their full potentials in the world of employment. Our culture does not encourage women to excel in government 4.__ in business-related jobs. Women who are able to make 5. on top and handle leadership roles are sometimes regarded merely as tokens. Their abilities and skills 6. (question) by their own peers, and sadly even by other women.
7. you are a woman who have 8. interest, ability and drive to pursue management careers，career counseling is 9. great help to give you direction and increase motivation to pursue your career goals. It will help you have the self-confidence to get you in the same career opportunities open to men in this society 10. men are preferred for top level positions.
What is it that you love to do but never feel that you get it quite right? Perhaps you don't even try any more because you think what you do is not 1 enough．
Discouragement seems to follow us a good part of the time, because whatever it is that we work so hard doing, it seems that there is always someone else who can do it much 2．
I have always enjoyed music and it is 3 to me that every musician has a 4 of their own．My father__5 several instruments and when he played with others, it was not difficult to 6 his sound in a group．Whether it was guitar or another instrument, he had his own 7 sound．
I once read of a music teacher who commented to a discouraged student, “ Nobody else can make the sound that you make.” The sound that you make may not be the same as someone else's but who is 8 which is better. It is said that “ 9 is in the eye of the beholder.” Perhaps it could be said that “A delightful sound is in the ear of the 10 .”
Every person has a different tone of voice that 11 only to them, and we all know people with an unforgettable laugh or a way of 12 that is unique to them．It might not be the sound of your music or your voice at all．It might be the way you whistle or the sound of your footsteps．
Each person has a（an） 13 on the world in some ways．Someone else can do what you do, but they cannot do it 14 the same way that you do it．The next time you feel 15 , remember "Nobody else can make the sound that you make．"
1. A．easy B．good C．simple D．hard
2. A．better B．worse C．more D．less
3. A．satisfying B．convincing C．inspiring D．interesting
4. A．gift B．sound C．life D．song
5. A．played B．designed C．created D．checked
6. A．turn down B．call up C．pick out D．give off
7. A．loud B．powerful C．perfect D．special
8. A．to talk B．to say C．to see D．to hear
9. A．Beauty B．Interest C．Patience D．Honesty
10. A．speaker B．receiver C．listener D．looker
11. A．devotes B．adds C．adapts D．belongs
12. A．running B．walking C．jumping D．speaking
13. A．choice B．opinion C．duty D．effect
14. A．exactly B．carefully C．cautiously D．seriously
15. A．annoyed B．puzzled C．discouraged D．bothered
－Will you accept the job offer?
－If I five years younger, I it.
A．were; have taked B．has been; would take
C．were; would take D．had been; would have taken
