Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, It is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon in an attempt to better understand long-term loneliness. These researchers have already identified three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention.
The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation ---for example, a divorce, the death of a loved once, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. Situational loneliness is easy to understand and to predict.
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
［写作内容］:
1) 以约30词概括短文的要点；
2) 以约120词就“孤独”这一话题谈谈你的看法，并包括以下要点：
a. 描述你感到孤独的某个时刻；
b. 解释你为什么觉得孤独,你怎样排除孤独感；
c. 根据你的经历，给出排除孤独的建议。
［写作要求］:
1. 可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得
直接引用原文中的句子；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
［评分标准］:
概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。
你是校报小记者，最近你校高三同学开展了主题为“高三学生要不要参加体育锻炼？”的调查，以下是调查的情况：
|
|
70%的学生认为 |
30%的学生认为 |
|
观点 |
每天体育锻炼，如跑步，做早操，打乒乓球、篮球等，但时间不宜太长。 |
锻炼浪费时间 |
|
理由 |
锻炼能增强体质，减少疾病； 运动使大脑得到休息，使复习效果更好。 |
锻炼使人疲劳，运动时可能会受伤； 运动以后很兴奋，较长时间不能复习功课。 |
【写作内容】根据以上情况写一篇报道，并包括以下内容：
双方的观点；
各自的理由。
【写作要求】
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
文中不能透露自己的真实姓名和学校名称。
A .Office Systems Technology
Courses: Keyboarding, Introduction to Information Systems, Records & Data Base Management, Business English，Document Formatting &Word Processing, Medical Terminology
Total Credit Hours: 18
Certificates: Data Entry Receptionist, Medical Admissions Clerk
Contact Information: Wilma Clapp一Project Coordinator Bldg A, Room，119 Leestown Campus 164 Opportunity Way, Lexington, KY 40511 Tel: (859)246-6821
B. Chemical Engineering at Cambridge
Our course concentrates on the scientific principles that underpin modern chemical and biochemical engineering. The aim is to produce graduates that meet the needs of today’s process industries by providing technical competence, training in transferable skills, and a thorough understanding of the subject. We have strong links with industry. The course is supported by a consortium of 10 industrial companies. These links also mean that there are opportunities for vacation placements with some of the world’s top companies.
Contact details: admissions@ceb.cam.ac.uk or www. ceb. cam. ac. uk
C. English Learning at Cambridge
UCAS code: Q300 BA/E
Duration: 3 years
Colleges: Available at all colleges
Related courses: Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic
Classes: History, Linguistics, Modern and Medieval Languages, Theology and Religious Studies
Contact details: english-faculty@lists.cam.ue.ukculty@Iists.cam.ack.uk or www english. cam. ac. uk
D. The SIT TESOI, Certificate Course
Teaches you the fundamentals of teaching English to speakers of other languages
Gives you hands-on, trainer-observed teaching practice and includes workshop sessions and supported lesson planning by experienced trainers
Provides you with modern teaching methods that help you to connect effectively with learners’ individual needs and motivations.
Helps you develop confidence in your ability to teach English as a foreign language
Mailing Address: PO，Box 676, 1 Kipling Road, Brattleboro, VT 05302 USA
E. Skills for Life (English and Maths)
Skills for Life courses give you the English and maths skills you need to manage your life at home, at work and in all aspects of your life.
Skills for Life courses can also be a stepping stone to other courses, such as Skills for Learning. All of these courses are at Entry 3/Level I.
These courses are FREE of charge including all accommodation, meals, tuition and learning resources.
If you have any questions then please contact Yvonne Godwin at Fircroft College on 0121 472 0116.
F. Human, Social, and Political Sciences
UCAS code: L000 BA/HSPS
Duration: 3 years
Colleges: Available at all colleges except Peterhouse
Related courses: Asian and Middle Eastern Studies
Classes: Geography, History, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, Theology and Religious Studies
Contact details: enquiries@hsps.cam.ac.uk or www hsps.cam.ac.uk/undergraduate
以下是相关人物信息，请将相关的人物信息与他们需要的课程匹配起来。
1.Eva will become an English teacher in September this year. Before working as a teacher, she wants to get some training and learn some modem teaching methods.
2.Joe lives with his mother near Fircroft College. His mother is too poor to afford his education. So he intends to find a course which offers free accommodation, meals and tuition.
3.Linda who majors in English plans to write a thesis about Anglo-Saxon people, including their life and history. Recently she has been collecting information about them.
4.Li Lei is going to finish his senior middle school and plans to study biochemical engineering at a world-famous college. So he decides to learn more about it during the summer vacation.
5. Wang Li is a reporter. She is asked to write a passage about Asia and Middle East. Because she isn’t familiar with them at all, she has to learn about them.
What do you do if you don’t get into your first choice of university? That’s the dilemma that faces thousands of British students every year.
Many candidates turn to Clearing, the service that helps find university places for students at the last moment. If they don’t have the marks to get into their first choice of institution, Clearing tells them about places available at other universities, though they might have to read another subject.
But this year has seen a record number of people applying to university. This, combined with the weak economy, an uncertain job market and budget cuts at universities, means that there's been even more of a scramble for places than usual. Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.
The British university admissions service, UCAS, says up to a quarter of this year’s university applicants --- almost 190,000 people --- still don’t have a place on a degree course. That’s a rise of over 46,000 students from last year.
Faced with these figures, some British students might be thinking of an interesting alternative: studying abroad. The University of Nottingham, for example，is offering places at its campuses in Ningbo, near Shanghai, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Students here can gain University of Nottingham degrees in business, accounting, engineering and English. Similarly, the University of Bolton says it has ‘unlimited’ places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates.
Given the problems getting into university, the UK’s Higher Education Minister, David Willetts, encourages students who haven't made the grade to consider alternatives to university, such as apprenticeships and studying at home.
"There are a range of options available," he says. "People are able to reapply. They should think how they can spend their year adding that bit to their CV, which would help their application --- getting practical work experience or extra skills --- anything that strengthens their chances next year."
But some experts say that rising university costs, poor long-term job prospects, and a drop in graduate recruitment mean it’s the worst time to be a university student in the UK.
1.When the author says this year “there’s been more of a scramble for places” (Para. 3), he means_________________.
A．more people have applied to university
B．there is more competition between the candidates
C．there are more services that help find university places
D．more places are available
2.According to UCAS, there are about ____university applicants this year.
A．190,000 B．46, 000 C．236, 000 D．760, 000
3.David Willetts encourages students faced with the lack of places on a degree course _____.
A．to consider apprenticeships and studying at home
B．to study at campus outside the UK
C．to reapply next year
D．not to go to university in the UK
4.Which of the following is NOT the reason that may make this year the worst time to enter university?
A．It costs more to study at university.
B．Long-term job prospects are worse.
C．Universities offer places in other countries.
D．There are fewer chances to do graduate study.
5.According to the passage, what can students do if they don’t get into their first choice of university?
A．They can go to work in Clearing.
B．They can get practical work experience or skills and reapply next year.
C．They can spend the year writing a better CV.
D．They do graduate study at home.
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
1.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.
A．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
B．analyse the causes of errors made by football referees
C．set a standard for football refereeing
D．reexamine the rules for football refereeing
2.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.
A．slightly above average B．higher than in the 1998 World Cup
C．quite unexpected D．as high as in a standard match
3.The findings of the experiment show that ________.
A．errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B．the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C．the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely errors will occur
D．errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
4.The word “officials” (Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.
A．the researchers involved in the experiment
B．the inspectors of the football tournament
C．the referees of the football tournament
D．the observers at the site of the experiment
5.What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A．The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B．Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C．A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D．An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.
Hilton Shanghai, the city's first international hotel, has been recognized as a top business hotel in Shanghai for its convenient location and outstanding facilities for more than 20 years.
However, the hotel's newly appointed general manager Gerd Knaust says it is the people that make the hotel successful.
More than 380 employees have been working with the hotel for more than 15 years. Some of them have personal relationships with customers.
''It's a people-relation business,'' Knaust says. ''They really tell me about the stories in the last 15 years. It's something very nice to listen to. It's also a lasting memory for the guests.''
In fact, over the years, some of the guests have stayed in the hotel 200 or even 300 times.
Knaust, who has been working in the hospitality industry for more than 30 years, started his career as a chef in Germany. During his early 30s, Knaust already moved to the top in the culinary (烹调的) field as director of kitchen of Hyatt Regency Cologne in Germany.
After holding several general manager positions in Mandarin Oriental hotels, Knaust joined Hilton International as the general manager to open the Conrad and Doubletree by Hilton at Haitang Bay, Sanya in 2010.
When he was appointed as the general manager of Hilton Shanghai in November, he not only was heavily involved in recruitment, sales and marketing strategies but also he worked closely with the food and beverage team to develop the hotel's restaurant concepts and menus.
''I believe that we should offer quality and healthy food.'' he says.
Knaust believes that a hotel must value the customers' comments on Ctrip, Trip Advisor and other platforms, etc.
''It keeps us more on guard to be 100 percent professional,'' he says.
1.Why do business travelers choose Hilton Shanghai?
A．Because of its location, facilities and good service.
B．Because it is in Shanghai.
C．Because its general manager is excellent.
D．Because some customers are the staff’s relatives.
2.From the passage we know ______ .
A．Hilton Shanghai is the first international hotel in China
B．Gerd Knaust thinks that the staff is the most important in making the hotel successful
C．Gerd Knaust has worked in Hilton Shanghai for more than 20 years
D．most of the employees in Hilton Shanghai have personal relationships with customers
3.Knaust joined Hilton International as the general manager to ______.
A．start his career as chef
B．be involved in recruitment
C．open the Conrad and Doubletree
D．develop the hotel’s restaurant concepts and menus
4.Trip Advisor in the last paragraph but one is likely to be______.
A．a person who can give you some advice about trip
B．a place where you can have a good trip
C．an organization which can give you some advice
D．a website where travelers can leave their advice
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A．First international hotel in Shanghai. B．How to manage a hotel well.
C．Knaust's management idea. D．Knaust's life story.
