LONDON (Reuters) — Children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which launched a global campaign on Thursday to promote more research into child medicine.
More than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters.
The problem is even worse in developing countries where price remains a major barrier and 6 million children die each year from treatable conditions.
In the case of HIV/AIDS, the few existing pediatric therapies（儿科的疗法）developed for children generally cost three times more than adult ones.
As a result, clinicians lack clear guidelines on the best drug to use and often have to guess at the correct dose.
Fortunately, the WHO has drawn up the first international List of Essential Medicines for Children, containing 206 products considered safe for children.
“But a lot remains to be done. There are priority medicines that have not been adapted for children’s use or are not available when needed,” said Dr Hans, the U.N. agency’s director of medicines policy and standards.
Medicines that need to be adapted to children’s needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.
The agency is building an Internet entrance linking to clinical trials carried out in children and will launch a Web site with the information early next year.
Testing medicines on children has always been a controversial issue, since good ethical（伦理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children.
As a result, research-based drug companies have been wary of developing child-friendly medicines and general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.
In an attempt to deal with the issue, both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for drugs that have been tested on children.
1.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．A Global Campaign to Promote Research into AIDS Medicine
B．WHO Says Children are Dying for Lack of Child-sized Drugs
C．Many People are Concerned about Children’s Drugs
D．Measures Taken to Develop Child-friendly Medicine Quickly
2.Which of the following medicine is not needed to be adapted to children’s need according to the passage?
A．Pain killers. B．Tuberculosis C．AID pills. D．Flu pills.
3.Why has testing medicines on children always been a controversial issue?
A．It is against good ethical practice
B．Children shouldn’t take part in clinical trials.
C．It is hard to get informed agreement from children tested.
D．Parents don’t allow their children to be tested on medicine.
4.The underlined word “wary” in the last but one paragraph means _________.
A．fast B．fond C．cautious D．uninterested
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A．There is still a long way to go on children’s medicine.
B．An Internet entrance is being built to link to clinical trials carried out in children.
C．Both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for children’s drugs.
D．Less than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters
If you don’t want people to know too much about you, then you had better keep your fridge contents secret, according to a British market research document released last week.
Researchers peered (凝视) into the fridges of 400 people in Britain and compared the contents with the owners’ lifestyles. They claim to be able to classify the nation’s people by fridge contents.
They say those people can be separated into five categories：nutrition nerds (no social sense), food faddiest (whatever’s in style), martyr mums, fast food fanatics and restaurant regulars.
Nutrition nerds care much about what they put into their bodies. Their fridges are stocked with fruit, vegetables and healthy meat.
People in this category tend to be highly organized and usually work in law or accountancy. The vast majority is single, but if they have a partner, that person will be similar.
A fridge full of vitamins — enriched juices implies its owner works in media or fashion. They tend not to eat the foods they buy. Known as the food faddiest, they just want to be seen as purchasing the latest important things.
A fridge filled with everything from steak to frozen fish suggests the martyr mum. Her fridge tends to be stocked with every kind of product, except what she herself would want. This fridge hints at difficulty balancing family and work life.
Fast food fanatics always buy mineral water or soda pop. The nearest they will get to fresh fruit is tomato sauce. Their fridges hint at someone who works hard and plays hard, also, someone who is not into long term planning.
Finally, a fridge filled with nothing more than a bottle of white wine and some sparkling mineral water implies an owner who is single, lives in a big city and enjoys the finer things in life. The fridge is empty because this person regularly eats in restaurants.
1.What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Some researchers are fond of staring at other people’s fridges.
B．People don’t want others to know about their secrets.
C．The food you put in the fridge has something to do with your personality.
D．There are mainly five kinds of lifestyles among British people.
2.According to the passage, people who belong to food faddiest_________.
A．don’t care much about money when buying things
B．will try their best to stay healthy
C．often stay up late to finish their job
D．prefer to ask others about what to do next
3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．“Nutrition nerds” are always organized and successful in their jobs.
B．“Food faddists” like to stock their fridges with all kinds of vitamins.
C．“Martyr mums” care themselves more than others.
D．“Fast food fanatics” usually do not stock their fridges with fresh fruit.
4.What will those who often dine out put in the fridge?
A．All kinds of food they like. B．Only something to drink.
C．Fruit, vegetables and meat. D．Food rich in vitamins.
5.What is this passage mainly about?
A．What people store in their fridges. B．Fridge contents and its owner’s secret.
C．What we should store in our fridges. D．How to keep our fridge contents secret.
How to improve my life? Many people think that they have to accept whatever life throws at them. They'll say, "This is my fate, my destiny. I cannot change it."
Of course not! You don't have to suffer needlessly. Your destiny depends on you, not on any other external factors.
I know someone who says she just accepts what life gives her because she has done everything she can to improve it. Guess what her lifestyle is? She wakes up in the morning, goes to work, comes back home, relaxes, chats with people, watches TV, then goes to sleep. Next day, the same routine cycle follows.
Huh! Is this what she calls "doing her best"? She believes she has tried her best and just accepts it in her heart that this is the life that God has intended for her to live; that her luck can only change if God wills it. Of course God wants us to be happy and live our life to the fullest, but we have to do our share of exerting(运用) the effort to live the life of our dreams.
Remember that you reap what you sow. You just don't sit around and wait for a million dollars to fall from the sky. You have to get off the couch, get your eyes off the TV screen, get your hands off the phone. Don’t expect your luck to change unless you do something about it. If something goes wrong, don't just regard it as a temporary setback; but use it as feedback. Learn your lesson, make the most of the situation, and do something to solve the problem. It's not enough to think positively; you also have to act positively.
If someone's life is in the trouble, do you just hope and pray that things will turn out fine? Of course not! You get to do anything you can to save the person. So it is with your own life. It is not enough to hope for the best, but you have to do your best. In other words, don't just stand (or sit) there, do something to improve your life.
1.According to the woman mentioned in Para.3, her life ____________.
A．Doesn't need improving B．couldn't be improved
C．will be better some day D．Will be worse in the future
2.What does the author think of the woman's life?
A．positive B．satisfying C．colorful D．passive
3.Which of the following statements is the author's opinion?
A．Your temporary problem is not discouraging.
B．Your luck can be changed by your efforts
C．You can only achieve success when God wills it.
D．You should treat yourself in the way you treat friends.
4.In Para.5, the author emphasized the importance of _____________.
A．positive action B．positive thinking C．hope for the best D．intention to succeed
5.The text is mainly written to advise you to ____________.
A．understand yourself B．improve your life
C．believe in yourself D．change your normal way
In today's Internet age, the demand for online games continues to grow. Online computer game centers exist in many cities and towns throughout Asia. Facing the pressures of school and life, people tend to the virtual world, expecting a diversion from these problems. Too often, however, they can lead to problems and unhealthy addictions.
This is most clearly seen in the example of South Korea. The country has the world's highest percentage of highspeed Internet services. It also has a high number of online game players and related problems. It was once reported that a young man collapsed (突然晕倒) and died while playing online games. He had been playing almost nonstop for 86 hours at an Internet cafe. Another young man killed his sister after becoming confused between the online world and real life. A 12yearold boy stole US $ 16000 from his father and ran away from home. He did this to continue his obsession (着迷) with online game. Such problems, however, don't just happen in South Korea. They are spreading to other parts of Asia, as well.
What kinds of people develop online game addiction? What does the problem look like? Dr SueHuei Chen, a clinical psychologist, researches Internet addiction. She discovered some signs of atrisk individuals such as lack friendship and good social skills. Those problem individuals feel it so compulsive to play online games that they could sacrifice things such as school and family. They feel the need to spend more and more time online. And they become upset if anyone tries to limit their online game playing.
How many problem game players are there? In mainland China, the potential number of problem online gamers is alarming. Just in 2004, China has had 13.8 million online game players according to China Daily. Furthermore, it stated that 80 percent of these were under 25 and had signs of addiction. Such numbers point toward a growing problem among Chinese youth.
Make sure to keep control over your online game playing. If you don't control it, it can get control of you.
1.The underlined word “diversion” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A．solution B．comfort C．escape D．support
2.The examples in the second paragraph tell us that ________.
A．the side effects are caused by highspeed Internet services
B．online game playing can even cause death
C．online games have caused much damage to young people
D．the teenage boy can't resist the temptation of the online games
3.According to Dr SueHuei Chen, what can we do to prevent game addiction?
A．Limit the speed of the Internet services.
B．Sacrifice things such as school and family.
C．Spend more and more time online.
D．Care much for the young and improve their ability to get along with others.
4.We can conclude from the passage that ________.
A．the demand for online services continues to grow
B．China is fighting a battle against online games
C．the problems caused by online games don't just exist in South Korea
D．in the year 2004 there were a total of 13.8 million Chinese visiting the Internet
5.What's the best title for the passage?
A．Internet Problem B．Addiction to online Game
C．Problem People in the World D．Online Game Can Control People
“At last, no more exams.” It’s a common feeling among high school graduates who have just completed the college entrance examination. What a relief! However, rather than fill the next three months with sleep, eating, and 1. (watch) TV, some students have started working on finding a good choice of foreign college.
Different from those who begin their 2. (apply) for foreign colleges in Senior 2, Li made a late decision on a US education. She began to think about it in Senior 3, but decided not 3. ( give ) up the college entrance exam.
Li’s classmate Mao Bingxin 4. (consider) studying in Canada after the top exam. She began a TOEFL course on June 11.
He Wei, 5. 18-year-old who studies at Shenzhen Bao’ an High School, isn’t allowing 6. much freedom this summer vacation either, devoting her time to looking for a language school 7. she can study French and some overseas study consulting agencies.
He Wei considers 8. worthwhile spending the summer preparing for college rather than hanging out with friends. “ 9. we don’t really know what the future holds for us, we are sure that the better preparations we make 10. it, the more choices we will be given.” she said.
Every summer, hundreds of thousands of students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure. Most of the opportunities are in 1 work. The pay is usually poor, but most people work 2 for the thrill of travel. You can pick grapes in France, entertain kids on American summer camps, and, of course, there are always 3 in hotels and restaurants.
But it is not as easy as it used to be to find work. Unless you speak the language of the country well, there will be very 4 openings. For example, when you arrive to wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris, the owner will 5 you to speak French. British students only have a language 6 for jobs in the USA and Australia.
Not every one 7 the experience. Sarah James was once responsible for forty American children in Europe. During the 8 , one child lost his passport; four children were lost in Madrid for a whole day; the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the 9 they made. Sarah says, “It really was a 24-hour-a-day job since the kids never 10 ! And the pay was awful. It wasn’t worth it.”
The trouble is that 11 expect to have an easy time of it. After all, they see it as a 12 . In practice, though, they have to work hard. At the same time, all vacation work is casual work, and jobs are 13 only when the hotel, the restaurant, or the campsite is busy. But students have few employment 14 . As soon as the holiday season finishes, companies will get rid of them. And if their employer doesn’t like them, they’ll be 15 , too.
1. A．seasonal B．mental C．professional D．formal
2. A．hard B．voluntarily C．abroad D．continuously
3. A．jobs B．visitors C．customers D．parties
4. A．good B．new C．attractive D．few
5. A．teach B．expect C．allow D．forbid
6. A．program B．lesson C．advantage D．exam
7. A．has B．enjoys C．forgets D．remembers
8. A．trip B．flight C．discussion D．ceremony
9. A．promise B．progress C．complaint D．noise
10. A．cried B．studied C．slept D．helped
11. A．children B．students C．employers D．parents
12. A．job B．lesson C．holiday D．shame
13. A．countless B．available C．interesting D．boring
14. A．experiences B．rules C．plans D．rights
15. A．dismissed B．charged C．fined D．punished
