For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans. 1. Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today, Strauss’ invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world.
Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829. 2. He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847. Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother’s dry goods business. This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention. After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortune.
Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals. Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners. At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth. 3. When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining, he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners. These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more.
In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets(铆钉). This made the pants last a long time. Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent. 4.
By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion.
5. The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss' company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world.
A．As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States.
B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable.
C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since.
D．However, he did not get much business for those products.
E. He also made a great contribution to America's clothing industry.
F. Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture.
G. As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it.
Food safety will become the food industry’s key target as the nation tries to adopt international food standards. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Standardization Administration of China, the Ministry of Agriculture and six other departments announced their 2004-05 development programme for national food standards over the weekend.
China is conducting a rectification (整顿) within two years. Inspectors will search for all known banned materials in food production. To reduce trading barriers, China will raise the ratio of adopting international standards in the food industry to 55 percent from today’s 23 percent. “Safety is the first consideration for anything entering people’s mouth followed by its nutritious value,” said Hao Yu, secretary-general of the National Food Industry Standardization Technique Committee. He added the usage of food addictives (添加剂) will be a major field for consideration in setting the new standards. On-the-spot checks during the past two years have shown the abuse (滥用) or misuse of addictives in food production and processing has become the biggest threat to food safety. In one case, talcum (滑石粉) powder was found in flour products, which is outlawed according to national food standards.
“At present there are no methods or standards to test the content of talcum powder in flour,” said Shang Yan’e, an official with the national watchdog on grain and oil inspections. Under the guidelines, all banned addictives will be recorded as inspections increase, Relevant departments have allocated (分配) funds to conduct risk evaluations on current food addictives to fix the limits of their usage. China will adopt international advanced techniques and standards so as to find out the harmful materials in food within a shortest period.
1.China will raise the ratio of adopting international standards in the food industry by _____.
A．55% B．32% C．23% D．78%
2._________ is the second consideration for anything people eat according to the passage.
A．Safety B．Value C．Nutrition D．Addictives
3.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Addictives are dangerous to people’s health.
B．Chinese food will be as safe as foreign food.
C．New food safety standards are to be fixed.
D．Food safety is a major concern in present China.
Far from the land of Antarctica (南极洲), a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.
For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.
Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish’s blood and measured its freezing point.
The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88℃ and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.
The scientists’ next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.
Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules (分子) held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A．The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.
B．A special fish living in freezing waters.
C．The ice shelf around Antarctica.
D．Protection of the Antarctic cod.
2.Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?
A．The seawater has a temperature of - l.88℃
B．It loves to live in the ice-salt mixture.
C．A special protein keeps it from freezing.
D．Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05℃
3.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．A type of ice-salt mixture. B．A newly found protein
C．Fish blood. D．Sugar molecule.
4.What does “glyco-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph mean?
A．sugar B．ice C．blood D．molecule
Which is sillier: denying we ever went to the moon or trying to convince the true non-believers?
Once upon a time—July 20, 1969, to be specific – two men got out of their little spaceship and wandered around on the moon for a while. Ten more men walked on the moon over the next three and a half years. The end.
Unfortunately, not quite. A fair number of Americans think that this whole business of moon landings really is a fairy tale. They believe that the landings were a big hoax (骗局) staged in the Mojave Desert, to convince everyone that U.S. technology was the “best” in the whole wide world.
Which is the harder thing to do: Send men to the moon or make believe we did? The fact is that the physics behind sending people to the moon is simple. You can do it with computers whose entire memory capacities can now fit on chips the size of postage stamps and that cost about as much as, well, a postage stamp. I know you can because we did.
However, last fall NASA considered spending $15,000 on a public-relations campaign to convince the unimpressed that Americans had in fact gone to the moon. That idea was mostly a reaction to a Fox television program, first aired in February 2001, that claimed to expose the hoax. The show’s creator is a publicity hound (猎狗) who has lived up to the name in more ways than one by hounding Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the moon. Mr. X (as I will call him, thereby denying him the joyous sight of his name in print) recently followed Buzz Aldrin around and called him “a thief, liar and coward” until the 72-year-old astronaut finally lost it and hit the 37-year-old Mr. X in the face.
Anyway, NASA’s publicity campaign began to slow down. The nonbelievers took the campaign as NASA’s effort to hide something while the believers said that $15,000 to convince people that the world was round — I mean, that we had gone to the moon — was simply a waste of money. (Actually, the $15,000 was supposed to pay for an article by James E. Oberg, an astronomy writer who, with Aldrin, has contributed to Scientific American.)
If NASA’s not paying Oberg, perhaps it could put the money to good use by hiring two big guys to drag Neil Armstrong out of the house. Armstrong is an extremely private man, but he is also the first man on the moon, so maybe he has a duty to be a bit more outspoken about the experience. Or NASA could just buy Aldrin a commemorate plaque (纪念匾) for his recent touch on the face of Mr. X.
1.We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that some Americans believe _______.
A．moon landings were invented
B．U.S. technology was the best
C．moon landing ended successfully
D．the Mojave Desert was the launching base
2.According to the writer, which of the following is to blame for the story about the hoax?
A．NASA’s publicity campaign. B．The Fox television program.
C．Buzz Aldrin. D．James E. Oberg.
3.The believers think that NASA’s publicity campaign is ________.
A．proof to hide the truth
B．stupid and unnecessary
C．needed to convince the non-believers
D．important to develop space technology
4.What is implied in the last paragraph?
A．NASA should not bother with the non-believers.
B．Armstrong was a very private and determined person.
C．Armstrong should be as outspoken as Buzz Aldrin.
D．NASA should send more astronauts to outer space.
In Wiltshire, England, volunteers are being sought to visit a nature protection area to count the butterflies living there and on surrounding fields. The project is promoted by all environmental protection organization, which has contributed to improving the living environment for wild animals. Recently, the organization has issued an appeal to help it observe environmental changes based on the record of butterflies and protect the environment.
In the area, the local people have planted many special flowers with the help of the organization, aiming to see whether these flowers will interest the rare and beautiful butterflies. The project officer Sarah Marshall says,“It will be a suitable habitat (栖息地) for butterflies. They are great‘indicator species’ as they are easily affected by climate changes so they make a brilliant early-warning system for the environment.” She also points out that volunteers are needed to record the number or species of butterflies, and based on the change happening to the butterflies, the hidden environmental problems in the area can be found out in time.
The organization is seeking volunteers to help monitor butterflies from April through to September. They will walk a fixed route and record the different butterflies they encounter along the way. Each visit should take no more than two hours, and each volunteer is expected to visit once a month to count the wildlife. “Staff will provide back up, so if the weather is poor on the day you are to visit (butterflies don’t like to fly in the rain, wind or if it’s too cloudy) we can have someone else do your job,” Sarah points out.
No previous experience is necessary as training and support will be provided, but a keen interest is essential. If you are interested please contact Sarah on (01380) 725670, ext 278, email—sarahm @ wiltshirewildlife. org.
1. According to Paragraph 1, what is the purpose of the Project?
A．To appeal to more visitors
B．To protect the environment
C．To control butterfly population
D．To expand the area for wildlife
2.Butterflies are called “indicator species” because _______.
A．they can provide support for visitors
B．they can give information to other species
C．they are not easily found out in their habitats
D．they are very sensitive to environmental changes
3.Volunteers are required to do the things EXCEPT __________.
A．having some special previous experience
B．being interested in protecting the environment
C．walking a regular route and do some recordings
D．visiting the nature protection area once a month
4.What is the text mainly about?
A．Visitors are being trained to identify butterflies.
B．Wildlife areas are being protected by butterflies.
C．Volunteers are being needed to count butterflies.
D．Organizations are being put up to protect butterflies.
I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has 36 me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earlier 37 , my mother was telling me “Don’t watch the 38 when you say, ‘I’m sorry’. Hold your head up and look at the person in the 39 , so he’ll know you 40 it.”
My mother thus made the key point of a(n) 41 apology: It must be direct. You must never 42 to be doing something else. You do not 43 a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 44 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your 45 . You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 46 , by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad 47 .
One of the important things we should do for an 48 apology is a readiness to 49 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 50 for the other person to 51 us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 52 about themselves. That , after all, is the 53 of every apology. It 54 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault. Answering for one’s 55 encourages others to take their share of the blame.
1. A．provided B．mixed C．compared D．treated
2. A．dreams B．courses C．memories D．ideas
3. A．side B．ground C．wall D．bottom
4. A．mind B．soul C．face D．eye
5. A．imagine B．enjoy C．mean D．regret
6. A．useful B．successful C．equal D．basic
7. A．pretend B．forget C．refuse D．expect
8. A．hold on B．put away C．look through D．pick up
9. A．poorer B．weaker C．worse D．lower
10. A．fault B．reason C．result D．duty
11. A．cruelly B．freely C．roughly D．foolishly
12. A．manners B．excuses C．efforts D．roles
13. A．active B．effective C．extra D．easy
14. A．raise B．perform C．admit D．bear
15. A．situation B．need C．sign D．room
16. A．advise B．forgive C．warn D．blame
17. A．wiser B．warmer C．better D．cleverer
18. A．purpose B．method C．end D．advantage
19. A．cares B．matters C．depends D．remains
20. A．facts B．states C．rights D．actions
