Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health，but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects.Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 3～5 times，and occasionally more than 100 times，higher than outdoor levels.These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90% of their time indoors.
There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home.These include sources such as oil，gas，coal，wood，and tobacco products，building materials，wet or damp carpet，and furniture made of certain pressed wood products，products for household cleaning and maintenance，personal care，or hobbies，central heating and cooling systems.
Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure (暴露) or repeated exposures.These include irritation of the eyes，nose，and throat，headaches，dizziness.Such immediate effects are usually shortterm and treatable.Sometimes the treatment is simply removing the person’s exposure to the source of the pollution，if it can be identified.
The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors.Age and preexisting medical conditions are two important influences.In other cases，whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity，which varies tremendously from person to person.Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures，and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well.
Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral (病毒性的) diseases，so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution.While pollutants commonly found in indoor air are responsible for many harmful effects，there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems.People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants.Therefore，further research is needed to better understand the effects of indoor air pollution and to find efficient ways to protect our health.
1.According to the first paragraph，which of the following is NOT true?
A．People often fail to notice indoor air pollution.
B．Indoor air pollution sometimes is more dangerous than outdoor air pollution.
C．Outdoor air pollution may not be so serious as indoor air pollution.
D．It is obvious that people have been paying more attention to indoor air pollution.
2.According to the author，which may NOT be the source of indoor air pollution?
A．Building materials. B．Wet carpet.
C．Cooling system. D．Refrigerators.
3. What does the underlined word “irritation” in the third paragraph probably mean?
A．Bad intention. B．Much sensitivity.
C．Injury. D．Carelessness.
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Reactions of Pollution B．Danger from Home
C．Pollution Resources D．Different Pollutions
Scientists in Israel have discovered a new way to test for water pollution by “listening” to what the plants growing in water have to say.
By shining a laser beam (激光束) on the tiny pieces of algae floating in the water，the researchers said they hear sound waves that tell them the type and amount of contamination (致污物) in the water.
“It is a red light，telling us that something is beginning to go wrong with the quality of water，” said Zvy Dubinsky，an aquatic biologist at Israel’s Bar Ilan University.“Algae is the first thing to be affected by a change in water quality.”“The secret，” he said，“is to measure the rate of photosynthesis (光合作用) in the algae，meaning the plant’s ability to transform light into energy.” During photosynthesis，plants also release oxygen into the air.
Dubinsky’s technique is easy to perform because of the overabundance of algae in the planet’s water.Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere comes from algae.A prototype tester that occupies about one square meter of a laboratory desktop，shoots a laser beam at water samples to stimulate photosynthesis in the algae.But not all of the laser’s heat is used.Depending on the condition of the algae and the rate of photosynthesis，some of the heat is shot back into the water，creating sound waves，Dubinsky said.With a special underwater microphone，researchers are able to analyze the strength of the sound waves and determine the health of the algae and the condition of the surrounding water.
“Algae suffering from lead poisoning，like waste discharged from battery and paint manufacturing plants，will produce a different sound than those suffering from lack of iron or exposure to other toxins，” said researcher Yulia Pinchasov.She said that testing algae photosynthesis can determine water quality more accurately and easily than laborintensive methods now used like chemical and radioactive carbon testing.
1.The underlined word “algae” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to a kind of________.
A．instrument B．plant
C．wood D．pollutant
2.Why is the algae tested?
A．Because it floats on the water.
B．Because it can have photosynthesis.
C．Because it is the first to be polluted.
D．Because it can produce different sounds.
3.We can infer from the passage that________.
A．algae can produce a loud sound when polluted
B．algae can die easily from pollution
C．photosynthesis of the algae can only be caused by sunlight
D．photosynthesis of the algae is related to water quality
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Scientists Listen to Plants to Find Water Pollution
B．A Prototype Tester Is Used to Determine Water Pollution
C．The Importance of Photosynthesis of the Algae
D．The Problem of Chemical and Radioactive Carbon Testing
Three Boys and a Dad
Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother.Expecting a whole day to relax，he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months.“This will be like a walk in the park，”he’d told his wife.“I’ll look after the kids，and you can go visit your mom.”
Things started well，but just after eight o’clock，his three little “good kids”—Mike，Randy，and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “breakfast，daddy.”When food had not appeared within thirty seconds，Randy began using his spoon on Alex’s head as if it were a drum.Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat(节拍)．Mike chanted “Where’s my toast，where’s my toast” in the background.Brad realised his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.
Life became worse after breakfast.Mike wore Randy’s underwear on his head.Randy locked himself in the bathroom，while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants.Nobody could find clean socks，although they were before their very eyes.Someone named “Not Me” had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes.Brad knew the talk show had already started.
By ten o’clock，things were out of control.Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter.Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.Randy，thankfully，appeared to be reading quietly in the family room，but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands.Brad realised that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible.
At exactly 11∶17，Brad called the daycare centre(日托所)．“I suddenly have to go into work and my wife’s away.Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes？”The answer was obviously “yes” because Brad was smiling.(2012·陕西，B)
1.When his wife left home，Brad expected to________.
A．go out for a walk in the park
B．watch TV talk show with his children
C．enjoy his first day off work
D．read the newspaper to his children
2.Which of the following did Randy do?
A．Drawing on the wall. B．Eating apple jam.
C．Feeding the fish. D．Reading in a room.
3.Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for help?
A．Because he wanted to clean up his house.
B．Because he suddenly had to go to his office.
C．Because he found it hard to manage his boys.
D．Because he had to take his wife back home.
4.This text is developed________.
A．by space B．by comparison
C．by process D．by time
Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks ____ than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more ____ than we realize.In fact，nonverbal communication (非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really ____.And body language is particularly ____ when we attempt to communicate across cultures (文化)．Indeed，what is called body language is so ____ a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.___，different societies treat the ___ between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having ____ contact (接触) even with friends，and certainly not with ____.People from Latin American countries，____，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，it’s possible that in ____，it may look like a Latino is ____ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving ____.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep ____—which the Latino will in return regard as ___.
Clearly，a great deal is going on when people ____.And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when parties are from ____ cultures，there’s a strong possibility of ____.But whatever the situation，the best ____ is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be ____. (2012·新课标全国)
1.A.straighter B．louder
C．harder D．further
2.A.sounds B．invitations
C．feelings D．messages
3.A.hope B．receive
C．discover D．mean
4.A.immediate B．misleading
C．important D．difficult
5.A.well B．far
C．much D．long
6.A.For example B．Thus
C．However D．In short
7.A.trade B．distance
C．connections D．greetings
8.A.eye B．verbal
C．bodily D．telephone
9.A.strangers B．relatives
C．neighbours D．enemies
10.A.in other words B．on the other hand
C．in a similar way D．by all means
11.A.trouble B．conversation
C．silence D．experiment
12.A.disturbing B．helping
C．guiding D．following
13.A.closer B．faster
C．in D．away
14.A.stepping forward B．going on
C．backing away D．coming out
15.A.weakness B．carelessness
C．friendliness D．coldness
16.A.talk B．travel
C．laugh D．think
17.A.different B．European
C．Latino D．rich
18.A.curiosity B．excitement
C．misunderstanding D．nervousness
19.A.chance B．time
C．result D．advice
20.A.noticed B．treated
C．respected D．pleased
Can you tell me________it was________your cellphone was lost?
A．where；that B．which；that
C．that；where D．where；which
________ is known to us all is that the old worker，for ________ life was hard in the past，still works hard in his seventies.
A．As；whom B．What；whose
C．It；whose D．What；whom
