A survey________public last month shows that Japan moves behind other nations in teaching youngsters right from wrong.
A．was made B．was making
C．made D．being made
All of us, at some point, experience nights where we have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. The National Institute of Health estimates that one in three adults has bouts of infrequent sleeplessness or insomnia, while one in 10 sufferes from chronic insomnia. Being unable to get a good night's sleep can cause disruptions in our daytoday life. But persistent sleeplessness can lead to physical and emotional health problems.
The body needs sleep to rejuvenate itself and rebuild the cells necessary to keep the immune system strong and the brain functioning properly. Everyone's body requires a different amount of sleep to accomplish these goals. The average amount of sleep needed by an adult is around seven or eight hours a night. However, some people can function quite well with less than that, while others need more to be at peak performance.
Sleeplessness can be caused by many different things. Most people experience sleeplessness for a short period of time due to an outside stimulus such as stress, improper diet, a poor sleeping environment or an acute medical concern such as the flu. Once the stimulus passes, the ability to sleep will usually return. Chronic sleeplessness may be caused by ongoing health concerns such as the physical pain of arthritis or the emotional pain of anxiety and depression.
Prolonged sleeplessness can have a negative effect on the way the body performs daily tasks. Those that suffer from sleepless nights may find themselves feeling drowsy or fatigued during the day. The ability to concentrate or focus on a task diminishes and you are less mentally alert. Because the body needs sleep to support a healthy immune system, those that are sleepdeprived may be more susceptible to both acute and chronic illnesses such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
Sleeplessness not only takes a toll on your physical self but also your emotional wellbeing. Being unable to sleep well for a few nights may only produce minor irritability. However, if sleeplessness becomes chronic, the price could be much higher in the form of anxiety, depression and possibly substance abuse. Those with chronic sleeplessness may turn to controlled substances such as sleeping pills and alcohol to aid them in their quest for a good night's sleep.
There are numerous home remedies for mild sleeplessness. Prepare your body for sleep by avoiding caffeinated drinks such as tea or coffee before bed. Don't exercise strenuously before bedtime; instead do something relaxing such as meditate or take a warm bath. Go to bed only when you feel sleepy and not because of a selfappointed bedtime.Finally, create a favorable sleeping environment by removing stimulants from your bedroom such as extra lighting or a television. If you still cannot find relief, it may be time to visit your physician for help. A sleep study will be done that can help to determine the cause of the sleeplessness and possible solutions.
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain's novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)
But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly antislavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”
There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in blackface—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
1.How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?
A．Twain was more willng to deal with racism.
B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.
C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.
D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.
2.Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its________.
A．target readers at the bottom
B．antislavery attitude
C．rather impolite language
D．frequent use of “nigger”
3.What best proves Twain's antislavery stand according to the author?
A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail.
B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels.
C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
4.The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that________.
A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters
B．slaves' babies could pick up slaveholders' way of speaking
C．blacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought up
D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice
5.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．The attacks. B．Slavery and prejudice.
C．White men. D．The shows.
6.What does the author mainly argue for?
A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.
(2013·湛江一中期末测试)If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen，beginning in 2012.The company Terrafugia，based in Woburn，Massachusetts，says it plans to deliver its carplane，the Transition，to customers by the end of 2012.
“It's the next ‘wow’ vehicle，” said Terrafugia，vice president Richard Gersh.“Anybody can buy a Ferrari，but as we say，Ferraris don't fly.”
The carplane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving.A runway is still required to take off and land.
The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies，although it is both.The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations，and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.
The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly.They say it saves you the trouble of trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports：you drive the car to the airport and then you're good to go.When you land，you fold up the wings and hit the road.There are no expensive parking fees because you don't have to store it at an airport—you park it in the garage at home.
The carplane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet.It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds，including fuel and passengers.Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(边缘的) conditions.
The Transition's price tag：$194,000.But there may be additional charges for options like a radio，transponder or GPS.Another option is a fullplane parachute.
“If you get into a very awful situation，it is the necessary safety option，”Gersh said.
So far，the company has more than 70 orders with deposits.“We're working very closely with them，but there are still some remaining steps，” Brown said.
1.We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
A．carplanes will be popular in 2012
B．people might drive a carplane in 2012
C．both the Transition and the Ferrari can take off and land
D．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts
2.It takes the carplane one minute to ________.
A．fold and unfold its wings
B．unfold wings for flying
C．land in the airport
D．meet flying safety regulations
3.According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?
A．The carplane needs a runway to take off and land.
B．To meet aircraft regulations，the company has been working with FAA.
C．The carplane may fly as high as normal planes.
D．People can park the carplane in the garage at their home.
4.The underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refers to ________.
A．the radio
B．the transponder
C．the GPS
D．the fullplane parachute
Want to find Bigfoot? Matt Moneymaker, president of Animal Planet's Finding Bigfoot, says the creatures have been seen in every state but Hawaii.
Redwoods State Park, California
With its towering redwoods and thick forest, it's hard to beat the atmosphere at this Northern California park.Moneymaker recommends taking a walk along the Smith River on Howland Hill Road.“We heard of lots of different sightings and sounds in there，”he says.“I've found tracks crossing that road.”7074657335.
SalmonHuckleberry Wilderness, Oregon
You don't have to go far to find Bigfoot.This area 20 miles east of Portland in the Mount Hood National Forest is prime spotting territory.Bigfoot apparently has a sweet tooth and goes ape for huckleberries, which grow in the area.Scores of campers have been scared off by noises and have had rocks thrown at them.5036681700.
Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico
The high density of deer attracts Bigfoot to this place.The creatures may use the park's mountainous lookouts to watch over deer in spring.Even when there's no wind, dead trees often topple mysteriously, with their roots above the earth.“They let you know that they're there.”5056613333.
Bird Mountain Wildlife Management Area, Vermont
This prominent mountain peak outside the town of Rutland has had its share of activity, including a trailcam picture famous in Bigfoot circles of what appears to be a female one carrying her offspring (后代). Centuries ago，American Indians reported seeing an apelike creature and，more recently, hikers say that they have come upon a Bigfoot.8007568880.
Fahnestock State Park, New York
There's a long history of Bigfoot in this mountain park a mere 90 minutes from New York City. Moneymaker says investigators have found mysterious markings in the snow.8452257207.
Ponca Wilderness Area, Arkansas
Moneymaker says he had several good Bigfoot moments on a recent expedition in this area along the Buffalo National River in northern Arkansas.Most of the Bigfoot action centered on the area near Steel Creek Campground.8704392502.
1.Visitors are likely to see Bigfoot in the following places EXCEPT________.
A．California B．New Mexico
C．Hawaii D．Arkansas
2.If people want to see Bigfoot in Fahnestock State Park，they should phone________.
A．5036681 700 B．8452257 207
C．5056613 333 D．8007568 880
3.What can we learn about Bigfoot from the passage?
A．Bigfoot is often attacked by human being.
B．Bigfoot doesn't like eating animals like deer.
C．Bigfoot is afraid of inhabiting in a thick forest.
D．Bigfoot likes eating sweet fruit like huckleberries.
4.Where did Moneymaker have several good Bigfoot moments?
A．In Valles Caldera National Preserve.
B．In SalmonHuckleberry Wilderness.
C．In Ponca Wilderness Area.
D．In Bird Mountain Wildlife Management Area.
5.The underlined word “topple” in the passage can be replaced by“________”．
A．fall down B．eat up
C．move over D．burn down
A little boy was learning to play the piano in a musical school.One day，Paderewski，who was a very famous ____in Poland，was holding a piano concert in his city.Wishing to encourage her young son's ____ on the piano，his mother took the boy to the Paderewski concert.After they were seated，the mother ____a friend in the audience，who she hadn't met for a long time.So she walked down the aisle(过道)to ____her.The mother and her friend stood ____happily for a while before the ____.Seizing the opportunity，the little boy rose and eventually made his way through a door ____“No Admittance”to explore the wonders of the concert hall.
When the house lights became ____and the concert was about to begin，the mother returned to her ___.And she discovered that her child was ____.She looked around，but her son was nowhere to be seen.Suddenly，the ____parted and spotlights ____on the impressive piano on the stage.To her ___，the mother saw her little boy sitting at the ___，innocently playing Twinkle，Twinkle Little Star on the piano.
At that moment，the great piano master made his entrance.He____moved to the piano in a hurry，and ___in the boy's ear，“Don't ____.Keep playing.”Then leaning over，Paderewski reached down with his left hand and began filling in a bass(低音的)part.Soon his____arm reached around to the other side of the child and he added a running obbligato(伴奏)．Together，the old master and the young beginner transformed a frightening situation into a (n) ____experience.
The audience had never seen such a performance form.They listened curiously and attentively，____in the wonderful music world.
1.A.violinist B．scientist
C．artist D．pianist
2.A.progress B．curiosity
C．talent D．interest
3.A.called B．spotted
C．made D．treated
4.A.congratulate B．welcome
C．greet D．help
5.A.chatting B．quarreling
C．joking D．laughing
6.A.class B．lecture
C．meeting D．performance
7.A.decorated B．equipped
C．packed D．marked
8.A.dim B．bright
C．shiny D．colorful
9.A.home B．table
C．seat D．piano
10.A.missing B．sick
C．afraid D．asleep
11.A.friends B．door
C．stage D．curtain
12.A.insisted B．took
C．focused D．agreed
13.A.horror B．delight
C．shame D．pride
14.A.floor B．keyboard
C．spotlight D．entrance
15.A.quickly B．angrily
C．slowly D．sadly
16.A.shouted B．cried
C．talked D．whispered
17.A.wait B．quit
C．speak D．play
18.A.short B．long
C．right D．left
19.A.creative B．attractive
C．embarrassing D．puzzling
20.A.engaged B．caught
C．involved D．lost
