Water runs downhill from mountaintops to streams to rivers to oceans. But downhill isn’t the only way that water moves .A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption. This flow isn’t the type we usually think about .These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports. They call this a flow of“virtual water（虚拟水）”.
We typically think about water as the liquid that flows from a tap. However,92％of the water used by people goes into growing crops，according to water researcher Arjen Hoekstra. He recently studied the hidden travels of virtual water used in products made from things like crops and meats .These products are shipped around the world.
For example．consider a sugary soft drink. Hoekstra estimated that to produce one half-liter of the drink requires between 170 and 310litersofthewater—about 95％—is used to grow and process the ingredients(原料).Another 4％goes into the packaging and labeling. In Hoekstra’s calc
ulation, when one country produces a half-liter of soda and sells it abroad，it exports as much virtual water as would fill a large refrigerator．
According to Hoekstra’s new report，dry countries like Israel and Kuwait，both in the Middle East, get the majority of their virtual water from other countries，through imported products. More surprisingly, some wetter countries，like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, also get the majority of their virtual water from other places. That means that most of the water used to grow or produce the products and food consumed in those countries came from other countries.
In the United States most of the virtual water used comes from American sources .In China even less of the water associated with its products
1.What is the best title for the passage?
A. Crops and Virtual Water B. Import and Export of Water
C. Benefits of Virtual Water D. Water’s worldwide travels
2.The first paragraph is intended to talk about__________.
A. how water flows
B. what virtual water is
C. where virtual water exists
D. why water is imported and exported
3.The example of a sugary soft drink in Paragraph 3 is given to show_________.
A. how drinks are made B. how virtual 
water is used
C. how virtual water is exported D. how drinks are shipped
4.In which countries does most part of virtual water come from outside?
A. lsrael and America B. America and the Netherlands
C. China and the United Kingdom D. Kuwait and the Netherlands
5.The passage is most probably a_________.
A. science news report B. book review
C. newspaper advertisement D. science fiction story
Global warming happens when greenhouse gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a hot day, the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car, by going through the windows，but it can’t get back out. This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth .The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it can’t get out As a result，the temperature rises.
Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on Without it，the earth would be freezing，or it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because we would not get the sun’s heat and light .During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter(过滤)it，so people，plants，and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat.
Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it，if there gets to be too many gases，the each can get unusually warmer, and many plants，animals．and people will die. Plants would die because they would not be able to take the heat .This would cause us to have less food to eat, and it would also limit the food that animals have. With less food for the animals that we need to survive we would even have less food. Gradually, people，plants，and animals would all die of hunger．
People are doing many things to try to stop global warming .One thing is carpooling—driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. Another thing is being more careful about leaving electrical devices turned on. Now, more people are even riding buses or bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air .Although adults do many thing
s to help stop global warming, kids call do just as much.
1.By the example given in Paragraph l, the author wants to__________.
A. explain how global warming happens
B. show his feeling in a car in hot summer
C. tell us cars are causes of greenhouse gases
D. say that I there are greenhouse gases in every car
2.The underlined word ‘it” in Paragraph 2 refers to__________.
A. light B. greenhouse effect C. temperature D. heat
3.What is the effect of atmosphere?
A. IT only traps the heat of the sun.
B. It does great harm to humans.
C. It makes the earth neither to hot nor too cold.
D. It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.
4.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. lf there is greenhouse effect．all the plants will die
B. Human beings are likely to disappear from the earth
C. Crops can ′t take in the heat lf there is greenhouse effect
D. Although greenhouse effect is necessary．Too much of it will cause us to die.
5.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. What kids can do to help stop global warming.
B. Who should be responsible for the environmental problems.
C. What global warming is doing to the environment.
D. Why cars and buses pollute the air a lot
Ashok Gadgil has spent the past three decades helping people in need—and he has no plans to stop .On May 2, Gadgil won the$100．000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Global Innovation. Each year，the honor is given to an inventor who has improved the lives of people in developing countries. Gadgil‘s inventions have helped more than 100 million people arou
nd the world.
Gadgil is a professor and physicist at the University of California. When he’s not teaching，he works to find solutions to global problems such as energy efficiency and water safety. “I chose to focus on problems where my knowledge of science could help，”he said
In the 1980s he came up with a program to make energy-efficient light bulbs more affordable for people in developing countries. Then in the 1990s，Gadgil designed his first life—saving invention，UV Waterworks .The device kills deadly disease —carrying germs(病菌)from drinking water. It costs just one cent to clean five liters of water .Gadgil was inspired to find an inexpensive solution to the clean water crisis after more than 10，000 people in his
home country of India died from an outbreak of Bengal cholera，in 1993 The disease is spread through contaminated food and drinking water .So far，the invention has provided safe drinking water to more than five million people in poor areas.
As a professor，Gadgil encourages his students to stay positive about finding solutions to hard problems.“Be optimistic when you try a hard problem．”he says. “It’s when you solve a large problem that you can have a big impact on the world”
1.Gadgil was given Lemelson-MIT Award for___________.
A. his teaching experience B. his new physical research
C. his vast knowledge D. his helpful inventions
2.What call we learn about UV Waterworks?
A. It's Gadgil’s first invention B. It’s used to clean water．
C. it was designed for his home country D. It saved 10，000 people in total
3.The underlined word “contamninated”in Paragraph 3 means__________.
A. wasted B. consumed C. polluted D. canned
4.According to the last paragraph，Gadgil encourages his students__________.
A. to learn lessons from failures
B. to find problems in peaceful life
C. to make inventions to help poor people
D. to be confident when facing difficulties
5.Which of the following can best describe Gadgil?
A. Caring and optimistic.B. Independent and positive.
C. Powerful and strict.D. Responsible and sensitive.
Have you ever not wanted to do something so badly? Well，that’s how I about joining Madcaps，a mothers and daughters’club assisting charity. ，my feeling changed finally. Now I believe if you adopt an attitude．you might just enjoying it.
Six months ago，my mom told me the club asked us to work as at Saint Vincent de Paul Homeless shelter．That meant I had to in the dirty homeless shelter for at least 20 hours.
The first lime we went there，a lady led us to the kitchen where we my five fellow Madcaps classmates- they also wore the same mark .Since I′m usually awkward， I had never talked with any of them .Worse still，my mom was asked to help outside the 
kitchen，leaving me totally to serve food with them. Soon large numbers of homeless families in like rushing river．A little girl，around 5 years old，walked up to me I her a sandwich. She took it and joined her family quickly．As she walked away, I she was wearing a coat．Clearly too big for her, hanging on her thin body, and couldn’t help thinking how much I had with her．It suddenly struck me that how I am.
After that moment I had a of heart Now I love Madcaps and don’t miss one meeting I have awkwardness when communicating and have many friends. And this year I am sure I will do more than the 20 hours of charity.
So that is how I have made a by doing one thing I do not want to do .If you have an open about things you can accomplish more and become a well-rounded（全面的）person.
1.A. heard B. worried C. felt D. brought
2.A. otherwise B. However C. Therefore D. Besides
3.A. optimistic B. accurate C. aggressive D. passive
4.A. keep up B. give up C. end up D. take up
5.A. members B. volunteers C. friends D. clerks
6.A. wander B. stay C. teach D. serve
7.A. ran into B. cared about C. looked for D. passed by
8.A. painfully B. socially C. naturally D. hopelessly
9.A. afraid B. doubtful C. alone D. patient
10.A. joined B. broke C. dropped D. poured
11.A. awarded B. showed C. handed D. bought
12.A. discovered B. guessed C. suspected D. concluded
13.A. neatly B. broadly C. tightly D. loosely
14.A. compared B. connected C. covered D. competed
15.A. eager B. lucky C. calm D. miserable
16.A. relief B. loss C. surprise D. change
17.A. remembered B. realized C. overcome D. ignored
18.A. allowed B. required C. included D. finished
19.A. difference B. promise C. sacrifice D. conclusion
20.A. study B. plan C. mind D. question
How can you stop smoking?
It is not easy to stop smoking，but millions have to quit and so can you Here are a few suggestions.
Prepare yourself . Decide on a day to quit Don’t choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the you will get from stopping smoking. Then your last packet of cigarettes.
Be . Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette， yourself that you are a non-smoker．Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier．
Break the habit Instead of smoking a cigarette，do something else. Go for a walk，clean your teeth drink some water, clean the house；in fact，do anything to keep your mind and your hands busy.
Relax. If you start to feel nervous or stressed，do not reach a cigarette .Try some deep breathing instead. Do some relaxation exercise every time you feel stressed.
Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a fiend so you call talk about your problems，or Join a stop-smoking group .If you feel ，you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you，like nicotine chewing gum.
Keep trying. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you stop smoking. If you and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed .Just try again. You will succeed .
1.A. managed B. tried C. wanted D. expected
2.A .values B. benefits C. results D. profits
3.A. give away B. take away C. throw away D. keep away
4.A. addicted B. accustomed C. determined D. depressed
5.A. prepare B. inform C. threaten D. remind
6.A. especially B. specially C. normally D. certainly
7.A. out B. for C. at D. in
8.A. desperate B. satisfied C. arbitrary D. conscious
9.A. stick B. continue C. weaken D. insist
10.A. eventually B. constantly C. occasionally D. normally
Our English teacher is wearing a gold watch, ________are made of small diamonds
A. whose the hands B. of which hands C. the hands of which D．the hands of whom
