In winter Hammerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and cruel winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks.I wanted to see the Northern Lights. Also, I had long harboured a half-formed urge to experience what life was like in such a remote and forbidding place. Sitting at home in England with a glass of whisky and a book of maps, this had seemed an excellent idea. But now as I picked my way through the grey, late-December slush（融雪） of Oslo I was beginning to have my doubts.
Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn't find a cab and had to drag my unreasonably overweighted bag eight blocks through slush to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveller's cheques to pay the overcharged 1,200-kroner bus fare-they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Bryson on my traveller's cheques were both me-and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, breathless and steaming from the endless uphill exertion（费力）that is my life, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation.
"This isn't happening," I said. "I'm still at home in England enjoying Christmas．Pass me a drop more port, will you, darling?" Actually, I said, "There must be some mistake. Please look again." The girl studied the passenger list. "No, Mr Bryson, your name is not here·”
But I could see it, even upside-down. "There it is, second from the bottom二，，
"No," the girl decided, "that says Bemt Bjornson. That's a Norwegian name·”
"It doesn't say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at the loop（圆圈） of the 'y', the two ‘I's. Miss, please." But she wouldn't have it. "If I miss this bus when does the next one go?""Next week at the same time．，，
Oh, splendid.
"Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson."
"No, it doesn't."
"Miss, look, I've come from England. I'm carrying some medicine that could save a child's life.”She didn't buy this. "I want to see the manager."
"He's in Stavanger.”
"Listen, I made a reservation by telephone．If I don't get on this bus I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects（前景）for the rest of this century." This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. "If this Bemt Bjornson doesn't show up, can I have his seat?"
"Sure.”
Why don't I think of these things in the first place and save myself the suffering? "Thank you,"
I said, and dragged my bag outside.
1. What words can best describe Hammerfest in winter?
A. Grey and dirty.
B. Dark and cold.
C. Unfriendly and expensive.
D. Wild and forbidden.
2.Why did the author mention the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate?
A．To suggest that people there could be ridiculous and stubborn.
B．To introduce the cultural differences in northern Europe and England.
C. To give an example of an interesting story during his journey.
D．To indicate that the bus fare was very expensive．
3.What could be inferred from the passage?
A. The author booked his bus ticket with a Norwegian name.
B．The author paid the bus fare by traveller's cheque.
C. The author would hopefully get on the bus．
D．The girl at the ticket counter cared about the author's complaints.
4.According to the last paragraph, the author probably felt＿at that moment.
A．embarrassed B．contented
C. regretful D. grateful
5.We can learn from the passage that＿．
A. the author's journey to the north was not worthwhile
B．the Europeans didn't welcome visitors
C. the author wrote a letter to the girl's manager
D. the author's journey to the north was not smooth
One of the most important recent medical breakthroughs has been the impact of gut flora（肠道菌群）on overall health. This dynamic mix of bacteria in the digestive tract（消化道）may affect everything from obesity to asthma（哮喘）．
The Gut-Mood Link
Anyone who's ever experienced "butterflies" in his or her stomach knows that the gut and the brain are connected. But until recently, scientists hadn't realized that the trillions of bacteria in our digestive tract may be driving the relationship.
One recent experiment suggests that you can control calm. Canadian researchers gave healthy mice a mixture of antibiotics, which change the makeup of GI-tract（胃肠道）bacteria. Over two weeks, some animals became more anxious and some less, depending on which drugs they received. In another study, when gut bacteria from calm mice were transferred to anxious mice, the jittery（紧张的）creatures seemed less nervous.
UCLA professor Kirsten Tillisch, doctor of medicine, recently had healthy women eat a yogurt
rich in certain types of "good" probiotic（益生菌的）bacteria. Two 'Control groups ate yogurt without such bacteria or ate nothing. Brain scans of the probiotic-yogurt eaters indicated changes in regions that could be associated with a less-anxious response in fearful or stressful situations compared with the control groups.
Scientists are even exploring whether gut microbes（微生物）might treat some brain disorders. A new study in Cell found that mice with features of autism（自ICJ症）given a type of bacteria in healthy human GI tracts exhibited less autism-like behavior. In a recent case report, a Boston ps. chiatrist says a course of certain probiotics and antibiotics helped relieve a patient's compulsive disorder. -We tend to focus on how your mood affects your body from the top down, not the bottom up," says Dr. Tillisch. "Now we know that the gut affects how your brain responds to the environment- it's a remarkable change in thinking.”
How Bacteria Talk to the Brain Scientists aren't sure how gut flora affect brain chemistry. One theory is that the bacteria access pathways along the nerve, the main highway in the nervous system that links the brain to the gut. Another is that the bacteria influence the immune system, releasing chemicals that affect conditions like depression. Finally, researchers believe that bacteria produce or affect the metabolism（新陈代泻'i) of chemicals, which change brain function.
Dr. Tillisch told me that patients always ask which probiotics will lift their mood．Her answer:
"We don't know yet, but we hope to one day." In the future, patients might receive probiotics or transplant（移植） in which bacteria from the gut of a healthy person are transferred to the gut of a sic': one-to prevent or treat mental health issues. But these approaches are years away from primary time．Until then, a diet rich in fruit and veggies helps cultivate（培养）better-balanced microbes than a typical Western diet high in animal and processed products. Avoiding unnecessary antibiotics, particularly in early childhood, may also establish healthier gut bacteria.
1. According to the passage, gut bacteria might help us in many ways EXCEPT＿_．
A. lightening our mood B. treating autism
C. relieving depression D. transplanting gut flora
2.The missing sentence "Everyday foods may also affect the composition of gut bacteria, and in
turn, brain chemistry." could be put before＿_·
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
3.Which of the following can be the best subtitle for the last paragraph?
A. Cultivating a Happier Gut
B. Growing Bacteria in the Future
C. Balancing Microbes and Diet
D. Living a Happy Healthy Life
Who is the most powerful woman in the world? According to the US media, it's Janet Yellen, or at least she's about to be.
On Oct 9, 2013，US President Barack Obama nominated （提名）Yellen to serve as the next US Federal Reserve (the Fed, 美联储）chair. If confirmed by the Senate, Yellen will become the first woman to serve in the top spot.
Aged 67, silver-haired and tiny, Yellen is said to be the most qualified nominee ever. She chaired President Bill
Clinton's Council of Economic Advisers, taught at Harvard and Berkeley, and was president of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. She is currently the Fed's vice chair.
Many think Yellen is the right choice to deal with the challenges the Fed now faces：First, to bring interest rates back to more normal levels without triggering a new recession（衰退）．Second, to reduce the US unemployment rate, which remains at historically high levels.
A CNN opinion piece says Yellen is unusual for an economist of her caliber（才干）．"She has kept her eyes on what's critical-the people. Her research has centered on unemployment, on the best way to modulate（调整）government policies to benefit the people."
Past records also show that Yellen is exceptionally good at predicting where the economy is headed. An article in The Washington Post points out that she was one of the few voices at the Fed inDecember 2009 warning about the subprime crisis（次贷危机）and the following recession.
The reason why Yellen will be the most powerful woman in the world has to do with the unique position of the Federal Reserve, explains an article on Quartz, a US news outlet for business people in the new global economy,
First of all, the Fed is independent. Unlike US Secretaries of State Madeleine Albright and Hilary Clinton, the decisions made by the organization Yellen will lead next year are not subject to approval by anyone in the government.
Within the Fed, the chair alone sets the agenda. The Fed chairperson has huge influence on monetary policy（货币政策）and financial regulation. And don't forget how powerful the Fed itself is. It controls the money supply in the world's largest economy. The Fed's interest rate decisions don't just set the course for the US economy, its decisions set the course for the world economy, too.
Because of globalization, Yellen's decisions will affect everyone around the world, says an article in The Atlantic, making her even more powerful than some great women rulers in history, including Elizabeth I of England and China's Wu Zetian. For example, the article continues: "If Yellen even just talks about slowing down the Fed's bond-buying, Europe's troubled economies are likely to see their interest rates rise, and emerging markets, some of which, like India and Indonesia, used foreign capital to fund their current account deficits（赤字），are likely to see their currencies collapse."
1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the reason for Yellen's nomination?
A.Yellen's professional experiences．
B．Yellen's ability to deal with the challenges the Fed faces.
C.Yellen's educational background.
D．Yellen's remarkable competence as an economist.
2.Janet Yelien will be the most powerful woman in the world because＿·
A．the Fed is the most powerful organization in the US
B．Yellen gets full support from Obama
C. Yellen holds a unique position in the government
D. the Fed possesses great power and influence
3.What is the author's attitude towards Yellen's being nominated?
A. Optimistic. B. Negative.
C. Understanding. D. Doubtful.
4.What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To introduce the US Federal Reserve.
B．To report on the next Fed chair.
C. To introduce the current world economy.
D. To report on a few powerful women.
There are few places in the world with people as friendly and scenery as beautiful as the Philippines. Of the 7,107 islands that make up the archipelago nation（群岛国家），Boracay is one that has some of the best beaches the country-or even Asia-has to offer.
Boracay is a great choice for a beach holiday, especially if you're trying to escape the cold
claws of winter. A lot is packed on the island, which is not much bigger than 10 square kilometers. It has many charms and attractions for the most active traveler, as well as the biggest beach bum（冲浪爱好者）．
It also caters to a variety of budgets. With everything from low-key guesthouses to five-star resorts, local fare to gourmet meals（餐要大餐），travelers will be able to spend as -much or as little as they want. And like many destinations in Asia, bargaining will help you get better prices on accommodation, leisure activities, shopping and dining. The majority of accommodations can be found along the western side of the island, along White Sand Beach and Bulabog Beach. The southern part of the beach, called Station Three, caters more to backpacker crowds, and prices tend to increase the farther you go up the beach. Station Two, 5 to 10 minutes on foot from Station Three, is the center of the island's pulsing nightlife. Another 10 minutes up from Station Two is Station One, where you'll find the resort hotels and a more relaxed, comforting atmosphere. The island's lookout point is arguably the best place for panoramic（全景的）views of Boracay and its neighboring islands. Just a few moments of breathtaking scenery and fresh sea air will rejuvenate（使精神焕发）you and make you feel you never want to leave.
There are organized trips to nearby islands, one of the most popular being Ariel's Point. The Boracay Beach Club resort, which owns the island, plans outings to Ariel's for a minimum of 14 people each trip．Visitors can have a day of cliff-jumping, snorkeling and barbecues. An alternative-and a sure way to see and do what you want-is to hire a boat. Ride around Boracay, stop at a restaurant frequented by locals, visit the neighboring islands, find a good snorkeling spot or fthd a beach where you can appreciate Boracay's unspoiled beauty. Countless boat operators offer their services along the shore. Rental is typically 500 pesos（＄12) an hour. Another must-do is a sailboat ride at sunset. White Sand and Bulabog Beaches are lined with sailboats, and there's nothing quite like watching the sun descend against the backdrop of a blue sea and sky. There's very little that will top this bonding moment with nature. To round up the day, head out for a tasty meal．Because of Boracay's countless international visitors, almost every major food type is available. There's New York-style pizzas, burgers galore, Mexican treats, Thai favorites, as well as Japanese udon noodles．
There's plenty more to love and appreciate about Boracay. With its small, cozy atmosphere and welcoming people, it's one destination not to pass up for that romantic getaway, family trip or holiday with friends.
1. If you want to find inexpensive accommodation, you should go＿along White Sand Beach and Bulabog Beach.
A. northward B．southward
C. eastward D. westward
2.What does the underlined word "top" in Paragraph 8 mean?
A ．Be better than. B．Be suitable for.
C. Be away from. D. Be equal to.
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Hotel expenses. B. Public transport.
C. Outdoor recreations. D. International food
Most interviewees are probably aware that interviewers are not supposed to ask them certain questions. There are some areas of special in selection interviewing. Our goal here is to point out these areas of questions and to suggest strategic ways to them as an interviewee.
Courts have that it's none of the company's business how many children an applicant has; or whether he or she is married, or divorced. In this area, if you are asked an illegal question, you can give a general ; saying elegantly: "I would prefer to stick to job-related questions:" Or you can be more : "Are children a requirement for this position?"
, many instances of illegal interview questions occur in' the course -of getting-to-know-you small talk during an interview and aren't by the interviewer as an invasion（侵犯）of your privacy. But innocent or not, illegal interview questions can a company in court when a job seeker discrimination in the interview process.
To age discrimination in hiring, courts have disallowed these sorts of questions: "How old are you?" "When did you graduate from high school?" and so on. Managers get in trouble here when they talk about the average age of their workforce in to -the candidate： "Our typical employee is probably 8 to 10 years older than you. Do you expect problems managing people older than yourself?" You can imagine the later court . Manager: "But, Your Honor, I never asked her age!”Candidate: "My age seemed to be one of his key about my ability to manage." And, of course, you can avoid all these disputes（争执）by simply answering your employer: "Age has been a consideration for me in my work life."
In another area of sex, an employer cannot ask questions about the person's gender（性别） the job specifications strictly require either a male or a female. The burden of proof is on the to demonstrate（论证）that only a man or a woman can do the job. Employers should be cautious: Courts and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission have interpreted very the concept that only one gender can perform a particular job.
1.A. stability B．sensitivity C. possibility D. responsibility
2.A. illegal B. complex C. absurd D. realistic
3.A. prepare B. challenge C. ask D. handle
4.A. ruled B. proposed C. guided D. explained
5.A. separate B. lonely C. single D. individual
6.A. consideration B．introduction C. summary D. response
7.A. vague B. pointed C. polite D. aggressive
8.A．In particular B．In detail C. In addition D. In truth
9.A. ordinary B. formal C. serious D. important
10.A. settled B. illustrated C. intended D. charged
11.A. land B. cause C. help D. find
12.A. requires B. permits C. avoids D. claims
13.A: support B. evaluate C. prevent D. discover
14.A. reaction B．relation C. comparison D. contrast
15.A. atmosphere B. scene C. result D. decision
16.A. qualities B. elements C. concerns D. problems
17.A. always B. never C. ever D. often
18.A. until B. unless C. once D. before
19.A. employee B. committee C. court D. employer
20.A. narrowly B. broadly C. wrongly D. correctly
-Maria, the summer vacation is approaching. How shall I do my travel?
-It's your money, your time-spend it how you want.＿＿＿
A. So what? B. Count me out.
C. Who cares? D. It all depends.
