The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church.
A. mark B. signalC. signD. gesture
On account of fuel supplies being finite and many people being wasteful, we will have to install ________ solar heating device in our home.
A. some type of aB. some types of aC. some type ofD. some types of
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair. Honesty is a good virtue. If you are honest
all the time, you'll be trusted and respected by others. A liar is always looked down upon and
regarded as a black sheep by the people around. Once you lie, people will never believe you
even if you speak the truth.
However, nowadays it seems that more and more people believe in money at the sacrifice of
honesty. To them, among such things as health, beauty, money, intelligence, honesty, reputation
and talent, honesty is the only thing that can be thrown away. They don't understand or pretend
not to understand that honesty is the biggest fortune for humans,.and that it is necessary to do
everything well.
In short, honesty is gold. Honest, your reputation will become great; dishonest, your name
will be spoiled: Therefore, we should never make such an excuse as "A little dishonesty is only a
slight thing." We should remove immediately the seed of dishonesty once it's sowed in our
minds.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括上面短文；
2.以约120个词谈谈你对诚信的想法，内容包括：
（1)失去诚信的危害性。
（2）举例说明诚信的重要性并谈谈你个人的看法。
【写作要求】
1.在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历、虚构的故事或生活中的事例，也可以参照阅
读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Does reading great literature expand our imagination and better our moral and social
sensibilities? For most people, it's just wishful thinking because there's no evidence that people
are morally or socially better for reading Tolstoy or other great books.
But just hold on a second there. Actually, there is such evidence, says US writer Annie
Murphy Paul. She argues in Time magazine that "deep reading", as opposed to browsing web
pages, makes us nicer and smarter.
Her evidence includes several studies carried out by some psychologists.
One is based in Canada. Two psychologists found that individuals who often read fiction
appear to be better able to understand other people, sympathize with them and view the world
from their perspective.
But this improvement is only possible if we do deep reading, which isn't just about
understanding the meaning of each word, Paul explains. Deep reading is "slow, devoted, rich in
sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity". Through processing details, comparisons,
and other literary devices, the reader's brain creates a mental representation as if the scene were
unfolding in real life.
“It's said that reading a good book is like falling in love with the writer. Paul cites another
study by psychologist Victor Nell from a university in South Africa, who found that when
readers are enjoying the experience most, the pace of their reading slows.
The combination of fast, fluent understanding of words and slow, unhurried progress on the
page gives deep readers time to enrich their reading with their own thoughts, analysis, memories
and opinions. It's as if reader and writer were engaged in a deep and real conversation, like
people falling in love.
None of this is possible when we browse web pages. We will eventually lose the ability to
appreciate our literary heritage because novels, poems and other kinds of literature can be
understood only by readers whose brains are trained to read them. And even some educators just
meet young people where they are by adapting education to their onscreen habits.
With the electronic devices spreading universally, Paul warns, deep reading has become an
endangered practice. We should care about how we read as much as what we read. So pick up a
book, sit back, and let a spiritual journey begin that will take you places only deep reading can.
Minnie's flat, as the one-floor resident apartments were then being called, was in a part of West Van Buren Street inhabited by families of laborers and clerks, men who had come, and were still coming, with the rush of population pouring in at the rate of 50,000 a year. It was on the third floor, the front windows looking down into the street, where, at night, the lights of grocery stores were shining and children were playing. To Carrie, the sound of the little bells upon the horse-cars, as they tinkled in and out of hearing, was as pleasing as it was novel. She
gazed into the lighted street when Minnie brought her into the front room, and wondered at the sounds, the movement, the murmur of the vast city which stretched for miles and miles in everydirection.
Mrs. Hanson, after the first greetings were over, gave Carrie the baby and proceeded to get supper. Her husband asked a few questions and sat down to read the evening paper. He was a silent man, American born, of a Swede father, and now employed as a cleaner of refrigerator cars at the stock-yards. To him the presence or absence of his wife's sister was a matter of indifference. Her personal appearance did not affect him one way or the other. His one
observation to the point was concerning the chances of work in Chicago.
"It's a big place," he said. "You can get in somewhere in a few days. Everybody does."
It had been understood beforehand that she was to get work and pay her board. He was of a clean, saving character, and had already paid a number of monthly installments(分期付款）on two pieces of land far out on the West Side. His ambition was some day to build a house on them.
In the interval which marked the preparation of the meal Carrie found time to study the flat. She had some slight gift of observation and that sense, so rich in every woman-intuition.
She felt the drag of a lean and narrow life. The walls of the rooms were improperly papered. The floors were covered with matting and the hall laid with a thin rag carpet. One could see that the furniture was of that poor, hurriedly patched together quality sold by the installment houses.
She sat with Minnie, in the kitchen, holding the baby until it began to cry. Then she walked and sang to it, until Hanson, disturbed in his reading, came and took it. A pleasant side to his nature came out here. He was patient. One could see that he paid enough attention to his baby.
"Now, now," he said, walking. "There, there," and there was a certain Swedish accent
noticeable in his voice.
"You'll want to see the city first, won't you?" said Minnie, when they were eating. "Well, we'll go out Sunday and see Lincoln Park.
Carrie noticed that Hanson had said nothing to this. He seemed to be thinking of something else.
"Well," she said, "I think I'll look around tomorrow. I've got Friday and Saturday, and it won't be any trouble. Which way is the business part?"
Minnie began to explain, but her husband took this part of the conversation to himself.
"It's that way," he said, pointing east. "That's east." Then he went off into the longest speech he had yet taken part in, concerning the lay of Chicago. "You'd better look in those big manufacturing houses along Franklin Street and just the other side of the river," he concluded. "Lots of girls work there. You could get home easy, too. It isn't very far."
Carrie nodded and asked her sister about the neighborhood. The latter talked in a soft tone, telling the little she knew about it, while Hanson concerned himself with the baby. Finally he jumped up and handed the child to his wife.
1.The first paragraph mainly describes＿＿
A. the surroundings around the Hansons' flat
B. the scenes in West Van Buren Street
C．what Mr. and Mrs. Hanson's flat looked like
D. the nightlife of West Van Buren Street
2. From the passage we can learn that Mr. Hanson＿＿·
A. was glad at Carrie's arrival’
B. cared little about his child
C. was unfamiliar with Chicago
D. tried hard to live a better life
3.We can draw a conclusion from the passage that＿＿．
A. Minnie's house was very well furnished
B. Carrie was a sensitive girl with ambition
C. Carrie came to look after her nephew
D. Minnie and her husband got on very well
4. Which of the following shows the right order of the events in the story?
a. Carrie observed the Hansons' flat.
b. Mr. Hanson handed his baby to Minnie.
c. Minnie told Carrie about their neighborhood.
d. Carrie sang to the baby to stop it from crying.
e. Mr. Hanson explained the business part to Minnie.
f. Minnie gave Carrie the baby and proceeded to get supper.
A. c-a-f-e-d-b B. a-c-f-eb-d
C.f-a-d-e-c-b D.f-e-a-b-c-d
The evolution of the first animals may have oxygenated（供氧）Earth's oceans. New research
led by the University of Exeter challenges the long held belief that oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans was a precondition for the evolution of complex life forms.
The study, published in the journal Nature Geoscience, builds on the recent work of scientists in Denmark who found that sponges（海绵动物）一the first animals to evolve一require only small amounts of oxygen.
Professor Tim Lenton of the University of Exeter, who led the new study, said: "We argue that the evolution of the first animals could have played a key role in the widespread oxygenation of the deep oceans. This in turn may have facilitated the evolution of more complex, mobile animals."
Critical to determining oxygen levels in the deep ocean is the balance of oxygen supply and demand. Demand for oxygen is created by the sinking of dead organic material into the deep ocean. The new study argues that the first animals reduced this supply of organic matter一both directly and indirectly.
Sponges feed by pumping water through their bodies, "digesting" the tiny particles of organic matter, and thus helping oxygenate the shelf seas that they live in. By oxygenating more of the bottom waters, the first animals actually increased the removal of the essential nutrient phosphorus（磷）in the ocean. This in turn reduced the productivity of the whole ocean ecosystem, lowering oxygen demand and thus oxygenating the deep ocean.
A more oxygen-rich ocean created ideal conditions for more complex mobile animals to evolve, because they have a higher requirement for oxygen. These included the first predatory（肉食的）animals with guts（内脏）that started to eat one another, marking the beginning of the type of food webs we are familiar with today.
Professor Simon Poulton of the University of Leeds, who is a co-author of the study, added: "This study provides a possible mechanism for ocean oxygenation without the requirement for a rise in atmospheric oxygen. It therefore questions whether the long-standing belief that there was a major rise in atmospheric oxygen at this time is correct. We simply don't know the answer to this at present, which is ultimately key to understanding how our planet evolved to its current habitable state. Geochemists need to come up with new ways to explain oxygen levels on the early Earth."
1.The underlined word "facilitated" in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to＿＿．
A. prevented B. promoted C. interrupted D. witnessed
2.From paragraphs 4 to 6, we can infer that＿＿．
A. phosphorus can keep the productivity of the ocean ecosystem
B. complex animals consume the same amount of oxygen as sponges
C. the sinking of dead organic material into the deep ocean produces oxygen
D. the existence of the first animals marks the beginning of modern food webs
3. From the last paragraph, we can learn Pro. Simon Poulton believes that＿＿．
A. their study gives a new explanation for the high oxygen content in the air
B．oxygen increased greatly in the air as the first animals oxygenated the oceans
C. their study answers the question of how the earth evolved to the present state
D. ocean oxygenation does not necessarily require a rise in atmospheric oxygen
4.The main purpose of the passage is to＿＿．
A. present the view that the first animals played an active role in oxygenating oceans
B. introduce two opposite opinions on how the first animals oxygenated oceans
C．analyze how atmospheric oxygen stepped up the evolution of oceanic animals
D. explain how oceanic oxygen determines the amount of atmospheric oxygen
