Question

Below is a selection from a popular science book.

If blood is red, why are veins（静脉）blue?

Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.

Which works harder, your heart or your brain?

That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.

Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-up?

Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.

Do old people shrink as they age?

Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱)becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity（重力）. Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3—4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.

Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?

Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But, when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!

Where do feelings and emotions come from?

Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animals on the planet.

If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?

Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy; it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

1.What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?

A. Blue          B. Dark reddish purple    

C. Red          D. Light yellow

2.Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?

A. Because their spine become more bent.

B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.

C. Because they keep growing backwards.

D. Because their spine is in active use.

3.Which of the following statements about our brain is true?

A. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.

B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.

C. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.

D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.

4.. In this article, we can know except _____.

A. it takes four to five times as much blood to feed our brain as to feed our heart.

B. when adult teeth are gone, they cannot grow back.

C. the reason why spinning make us dizzy.

D. how we can grow taller.

5. What is the main purpose of the selection?

A. To give advice on how to stay healthy.

B. To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

C. To challenge new findings in medical research.

D. To provide information about our body.

Answer

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.D

5.D

【解析】

试题分析: 文章从科学的角度解释了几个人们普遍感到困惑的问题。比如，为什么血液是红色的而血管却呈现出深蓝色呢？为什么牙齿会掉而且成年后不再长出新的牙齿呢？为什么人老了身高就变矮了呢？读了这篇文章以后，你就会恍然大悟。

1.Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color.可知在靠近皮肤表层的血管里，血液是紫红色，故B选项正确。

2.细节理解题。从文章第四段When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.可知A选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.我们可以推断从长远看来，大脑要比心脏工作更多。所以C选项正确。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第一段对血液的介绍，第三段对牙齿的介绍和第五段的内容介绍我们可以了解到ABC三项内容，但是D选项内容是文章没有涉及到的，故答案选D。

5.推理判断题。本文节选自科普图书，给人们介绍了一些人体的科学知识，比如血液、牙齿和骨骼等等，由此判断D选项正确。

考点：考查科学知识类短文阅读。