阅读表达（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
[1] The Canadian scientists say that getting older really does make one wiser. The over-55s use their brains more efficiently (高效率地) than younger people, as they are much more likely to get rid of mistakes. Younger people, ________, give the impression of being sharper, simply by coming up with answers more quickly. But this may be a sign of inexperience rather than wisdom.
[2] According to their experiment on sorting words into pairs, scientists found surprising differences between the brains of the older and younger participants when they made a mistake. To the younger ones, the mistake immediately activated(激活) several different parts of the brain to help them decide what to do next. The older people, however, didn’t start thinking about what they were going to do until the game restarted.
[3] Dr Oury Monchi said, “When the young participants made a mistake and had to plan and take a new measure to get the right answer, various parts of their brains were used even before the next task began. However, when the older participants learned that they had a mistake, they decided to make adjustments(调整) only when completely necessary. The older brain had experience and knew that nothing was gained by taking action too soon.”
[4] Dr Monchi compared the results to Aesop’s fable of the tortoise and the hare, saying, “Being able to run fast does not always win the race --you have to know how to best use your abilities.” This saying is a defining characteristic of ageing. It is as though the older brain is more unaffected to criticism and more confident than the young brain. Overall, the older group, who were aged between 55 and 75, took longer to complete the game but did roughly as well as those aged 18 to 35.
1.What’s the main idea of the passage? (no more than 8 words)
_____________________________________________________
2.Fill in the blank in Paragraph I with proper words. (no more than 4 words)
_____________________________________________________
3.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (no more than 6 words)
_____________________________________________________
4.what did the older participants do after they learned that they had made a mistake? (no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________
5.Complete the following statement with proper words according to Paragraph 4. (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________ are the two likely advantages of the older brain.
In recent years, there has been a steady attack on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you—regardless of your health. Politicians also got aboard. “There is a direct relationship,” US Congressman Neal Smith said, “between the amount of sodium(钠) a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory(循环的) disorders, stroke and even early death.”
Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All these remarks and cry about salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably does not make much difference how much salt we eat.” Dustan’s most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive(高血压的) patients, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to previous level when salt was reintroduced.
“An adequate to somewhat excessive(过度的) salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population,” said Dr. John H Laragh. “So an opinion that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.”
Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation”(节制) in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 teaspoons. One to two grams of salt would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.
“Na is not your enemy,” says Comek’s Dr. Laragh. “Salt is the No.1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you do not need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up.”
1.Why is salt attacked by doctors and politicians?
A. It’s unnecessary.
B. It does no good to human health.
C. It is hated by most people.
D. It will always lead to heart disease and circulatory disorders.
2.From Dr. Dustan’s study in Paragraph 2 we can infer that _____.
A．a low-salt diet may be good to some patients
B．the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one’s blood pressure
C．the reduction of salt intake can completely cure a hypertensive patient
D．an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone
3.In the 3rd paragraph, Dr. Laragh implied that _____.
A．people should not be afraid of taking much excessive salt
B．doctors should not advise people to avoid salt
C．an adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake is suggested to ill people
D．excessive salt intake has killed some patients in the general population
4.What is the experts’ advice for average people on salt consumption?
A．They should increase salt intake through sodium pills.
B．They should avoid salt as often as possible.
C．They should consume 1/2 to 1/3 teaspoons of salt a day.
D．They needn’t care about how much salt they consume.
5.What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The salt scare is not reasonable.
B．The cause of hypertension is disclosed.
C．The moderate use of salt is recommended.
D．Salt consumption is to be avoided.
I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent.
I no longer consider myself the center of the universe. I show up. I listen. I try to laugh. I am a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows（誓约）mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today.
So here’s what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion（提升）, the bigger paycheck, the larger house.
Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who love you. And remember that love is not leisure（空闲）, it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an e-mail. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted.
It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago. Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all.
I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned.
By telling them this: Read in the backyard with the sun on your face. Learn to be happy. And think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion as it ought to be lived.
1.The best title of this passage probably is _______.
A. Love your friends B. Live a real life
C. Don’t waste time D. Be a good mother and wife
2.How did the author form her view of life?
A. By working and social experience.
B. Learning from her friends.
C. Through an unfortunate experience.
D. Because of her children and husband.
3.The underlined sentence “It is so easy to exist instead of to live” in the fifth paragraph probably has the same meaning as ______.
A. it is so easy to keep alive but not to live a real life.
B. it is very hard to live a real life
C. it is so easy to make a living.
D. it is more difficult to exist than to live a happy life.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards work?
A. Try our best to serve others.
B. To earn enough money to make life better.
C. Try our best to get higher position and pay.
D. Don’t let it affect your real life.
5.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. the author is a success in personal life.
B. the author didn’t try her best to work well.
C. the author spent all her time caring for her children.
D. the author doesn’t travel much
Florence Nightingale（南丁格尔） was born in a rich family. When she was young she took lessons in music and drawing, and read great books. She also traveled a great deal with her mother and father.
As a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them.
At last mind was made up. “I’m going to be a nurse,” she decided.
“Nursing isn’t the right work for a lady,” her father told her.
“Then I will make it so ”, she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France.
When she returned to England, Florence started a nursing home . During the Crimean War in 1854 she went with a group of thirty eight nurses to the front hospitals. What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen — and smelled. The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital, either. But the brave nurse went to work.
Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes, beds, medicine and food for the men. Her only pay was in smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman.
After she returned to England, she was honored for her services by Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health, which was printed in several countries.
Florence Nightingale died at the age of ninety, still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse. Indeed, it is because of her that we honor nurses today.
1.When she was a child, Florence ________.
A. loved to travel very much
B. knew what her duty in life was
C. loved to help the sick people
D. want to learn music and drawing in the future
2.What made Florence make up her mind to become a nurse？
A. Her father’s support.
B. Her desire to help the sick.
C. Her education in Germany and France.
D. Her knowledge from reading great books.
3.During the Crimean War in 1854, Florence served in the front hospital where ____.
A. she earned a little money
B. work was very difficult
C. few soldiers died because of her work
D. she didn’t have enough food or clothes
4. Why was Florence honored by Queen Victoria？
A. She built the Nightingale Home for Nurses.
B. She wrote a book on public health.
C. She worked as a nurse all her life.
D. She did a great deal of work during the Crimean War.
5.The passage can best be described as ____.
A. the life story of a famous woman
B. a description of the nursing work
C. an example of successful education
D. the history of nursing in England
阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by “small talk”. Small talk means the little things we talk about at the start of a conversation. In English-speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather. “Nice day, isn’t it?” “Terrible weather, isn’t it?” But there is something special about small talk. It must be about something which both people have the same opinion about. The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something. This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a safe topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion(宗教) or politics(政治) so these are not suitable topics for small talk. The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place. At football matches, people make small talk about the game they are watching. “Great game, isn’t it?” At bus-stops, people may comment on the transport system. “The bus service is terrible, isn’t it?”
1.Small talk is ________.
A. a kind of conversation with short words
B. a greeting used when people meet each other
C. to let people disagree about something
D. something we talk about to start a conversation
2.The favorite topic of small talk for English people is _________.
A. the weather B. politics
C. games D. languages
3.The passage suggests that when we learn a language _________.
A. we should learn about the transport system of the country
B. we should only master the grammar and the vocabulary
C. we should learn the culture of the country
D. we should understand the importance of the language
4.When we say “Great game, isn’t it?”, we are in fact __________.
A. asking a question B. having a conversation
C. make a comment D. making small talk
5.What we learn from the passage is that _________.
A. different languages have different grammar
B. small talk is an important part of a language
C. small talk depends on the purpose of the conversation
D. in English-speaking countries we should talk about the weather
完型填空 (共一篇, 20小题目, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从所给的四个选项中,选出最佳答案
A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work. He may have the________ that he is not capable of it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the ________ of his mental faculties(官能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of _________ anything new because of their age.
A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real _________ , because he feels that it _________ be useless, he won’t go at a job with the confidence necessary for success, and he won’t work his hardest, even though he may_________ he is doing so. He is _________ likely to fail, and the failure will ________ belief in his incompetence(无能). Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had a (an) _________ like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor ________ in maths. His teacher told his _________ he had no ability in maths in order that they would not ________ too much of him._________he too accepted _________ mistaken thinking of his ability, and he felt that it was useless to ________, and was very poor at maths, ________ as they expected.
One day he worked out a problem which _________ of the other students had been able to solve. Adler succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now ________ with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at ________. He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned early in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may _________ himself as well as others by his ability.
1.A. belief B. way C. fact D. condition
2.A. biggest B. most C. highest D. deepest
3.A. teaching B. learning C. accepting D. using
4.A. decision B. success C. effort D. trouble
5.A. would B. should C. must D. could
6.A. forget B. think C. guess D. understand
7.A. nevertheless B. moreover C. however D. therefore
8.A. lead to B. add to C. take to D. contribute to
9.A. experience B. example C. thought D. story
10.A. state B. mind C. start D. ending
11.A. classmates B. friends C. neighbors D. parents
12.A. blame B. expect C. get D. win
13.A. Virtually B. Totally C. Fortunately D. Especially
14.A. it B. her C. its D. their
15.A. manage B. succeed C. try D. act
16.A. only B. almost C. just D. nearly
17.A. none B. all C. many D. most
18.A. lived B. worked C. played D. graduated
19.A. 1essons B. medicine C. subjects D. maths
20.A. encourage B. love C. astonish D. disappoint
