【改编】Australian scientists say an organic compound used by Indian women to paint dots or bindi on their foreheads could hold the key to a breakthrough in cancer treatment. Rose Bengal (玫瑰红)was first used in the early 1900s as a dye for food, textiles and cosmetics. But now it is proving to be a useful weapon in the fight against skin cancer.
Television advertisements constantly warn of the dangers of overexposure to the fierce sun. Among them is the possibility of the disease melanoma(黑瘤), a type of skin cancer. More than 1,200 Australians die every year from the disease.
Initial trials of a solution of Rose Bengal injected into some melanoma cells have had a 75 percent success rate in controlling the disease. Professor John Thompson, the director of the Melanoma Unit at the University of Sydney, says this organic dye could become a powerful cancer-fighting treatment.
“We believe it works by getting into the tumor(肿块) cells and causing them to self-destruct. But the exact mechanism by which it works is not totally clear. It’s not useful for people who have a primary melanoma. The treatment of primary melanoma is surgical excision(切除),”he said. “It’s useful to inject tumors for people who have recurrences; when the primary treatment has failed and when recurrence in the area, or at more distant sites has occurred.”
About 90 percent of Australians who develop melanoma survive thanks to early diagnosis and treatment. If left untreated, however, the disease can be fatal.
Convincing younger people in Australia about the dangers of overexposure to the sun is a battle campaigners are constantly waging.
Veronica Manock, a 21-year-old student, had two major operations to remove a cancerous tumor from her leg.
“I’ve had a lot of friends who just said ‘I thought it was just, you know, I’ll get a mole(痣) cut out and that’s it’, whereas I don’t think people realize how much danger they’re putting themselves into and how easy it is to stop something like this happening to you just from doing little things,”said Marock.
Other researchers in Australia are investigating genetic treatments to skin cancer. There is a pressing need for such research to produce effective treatments. Australians, the majority of whom are fair-skinned(浅肤色的), are four times more likely to develop a melanoma than people in Canada, the United States or Great Britain.
1.Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. Rose Bengal —the cause of skin cancer.
B. Rose Bengal —a tool to fight against skin cancer.
C. Skin cancer—the first killer.
D. Melanoma—the threat to health.
2.What does the underlined word “fatal” mean?
A. Curable. B. Serious. C. Deadly. D. Self-healing.
3.From what Veronica Manock said , we can know _______.
A. people haven’t realized overexposure to the sun is dangerous
B. mole on the leg is dangerous.
C. people can do nothing to protect themselves from melanoma
D. nothing can be done to deal with the disease.
4.Who are likely to develop a melanoma?
A. Englishmen. B. Canadians.
C. Americans. D. Australians.
5.In which section of a newspaper does the passage possibly appear?
A. Economy. B. Agriculture. C. Health. D. Fashion.
【改编】Shirley Temple(1928—2014)，an American actress，was considered among the most successful child stars in the history of film．Born by an ambitious mother，Temple first appeared in a film at the age of three，and at six she starred in Stand Up and Cheer (1934)．Known and recognized for her ability to sing and tap dance in several films，Temple became a famous figure in 1934．At the end of that year she was given a special Academy Award “in grateful recognition of her outstanding contribution．’’
During the Great Depression of the l930s，Temple was celebrated by an adoring public．At the height of her popularity，from l935 to 1938，Temple was the biggest box-office attraction in Hollywood．Temple made a number of films as a teenager，but her appeal had faded，and the films were not successful．In l949, Temple departed elegantly from Hollywood．
Two decades later，she reappeared into the spotlight by announcing her qualification as a candidate for Congress．She lost the election，but Temple displayed her determination and went on to enjoy a long and successful：career with the United Nations and the State Department．
After retirement，she reposed that she was at peace with her life and proud of her accomplishments in two of the nation’s most influential areas．“If I had to do it all over again．’’Shirley Temple once declared，‘‘I wouldn’t change anything．’’
1.What made Shirley world famous?
A. Her determination and strong will.
B. Her attractive appearance.
C. Her ability in politics.
D. Her ability to sing and tap dance.
2.What caused Temple to lose her appeal as an actor?
A. The appearance of new stars.
B. Not mentioned.
C. The Great Depression
D. The disappearance of her beauty.
3.When did Temple return to the spotlight?
A. In her forties. B. In her twenties.
C. In her thirties. D. In her fifties.
4.From the last paragraph we can infer Temple _____.
A. regretted she was involved in politics
B. was disappointed at leaving the stage so early
C. wanted to lead a different life
D. was satisfied with her choices.
5.How do you find Shirley Temple?
A. Beautiful and kind-hearted. B. Out-going and adventurous.
C. Tough-minded and gifted. D. Humorous and charming.
Until about 150 years ago, the most important, expensive and renowned kind of painting was large-scale pictures that told a story, regarded as the 1. (hard) challenge for an artist. 2. (choose) suitable subjects, artists had to be well-read. Then they had to know 3. stories could be told without words, using only gestures and expressions. To create lifelike scenes, they had to understand perspective, lighting and anatomy. So history painting needed a lot of thought and 4. . (imagine). Large-scale pictures used to be reserved for grand religious or patriotic subjects, but that changed in the 19th century, as artists began creating history paintings based 5. contemporary news stories. One of the first of these was The Raft of the Medusa, inspired by the wreck of 6. French ship in 1816, which showed how art could have a powerful political impact. It presents a scene 7. the survivors of the wreck on a raft littered with bodies try to signal to a distant ship. When they 8. ( rescue ), they told how they had been abandoned by their captain, while he sailed to safety in a lifeboat. Starving, they had to eat each other to survive—though this picture makes 9. look heroic rather than violent. The picture caused a huge outcry. Some people thought the artist meant to criticize the French king, 10. had been involved in appointing the ship's captain.
When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, clothes and cars.
A true carries a long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a we should value.. ，the better friends you are, the more probably you’ll have disagreements. And the can be what you don’t want : an end to finish the relationship.
The good news is that most troubled friendships can be . First, don’t let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when are brought out in the open. Second，____when you’re wrong －even if you’ve been . Over the course of friendship, the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person the lead and apologizes. When you apologize, give your friend a to admit that he has been wrong. Third, see things from your point of view. And accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Making friends can sometimes seem . The hard part is __15__the connections strong during the nature ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture (培 养)．
1.A. friendship B．love C．relationship D．care
2.A. wealth B．gold C. jewellery D. treasure
3.A. Personally B．Naturally C．Unfortunately D．Luckily
4.A. result B．pace C．future D．minute
5.A. finished B．mended C．changed D．prevented
6.A. discussions B．questions C．differences D．interests
7.A. admit B．punish C．flee D．apologize
8.A. blamed B．wronged C．punished D．praised
9.A. still B．even C．yet D．ever
10.A. takes B．gives C．gets D．makes
11.A.reason B．cause C．chance D．time
12.A. brother’s B．father’s C．enemy’s D．friend’s
13.A. properly B．finally C．really D．merely
14.A. difficult B．hard C．easy D．likely
15.A .keeping B．letting C．proving D．remaining
The term “Industry 4.0” refers to the fourth industrial revolution. The first industrial revolution was the production of goods with machines like steam engines, which was followed by the second industrial revolution that introduced mass production with the help of electric power, followed by the digital revolution —the use of electronics and IT in production.
Industry 4.0 is a high-tech project, which promotes the computerization of manufacturing (制造业). The basic principle of Industry 4.0 is that by connecting machines, work pieces and systems, we are creating intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control each other automatically. The goal is the Smart Factory, which adapts well and uses resources efficiently as well as linking customers and business partners with great intelligence. Technological basis are the Internet systems and advanced factories. Experts believe that Industry 4.0 could be a reality in about 10 to 20 years.
So, what effects does this change have on the classic manufacturing? According to an expert, “it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everything is connected with everything else.” Networks and processes have so far been limited to one factory. But in the time of Industry 4.0, the boundaries (界限) of individual factories will most likely no longer exist. Instead, they will be lifted in order to inter-connect multiple factories or even geographical regions.
How is an Industry 4.0 factory different from a today’s factory? In current industry environment, providing high-end quality service or product with the least cost is the key to success. Factories are trying to increase their profit as much as possible. In the time of Industry 4.0, various data sources are available to provide worthwhile information about different aspects of the factory. Using data for understanding the current condition and checking faults and failures is a natural thing. The sharing of information around the clock and around the globe will enable these connected systems to manage themselves independently, work more efficiently and identify any errors quickly.
The good news is that Europe is much better prepared for the Industry 4.0 revolution than one might think. Europe will position itself as a pioneer in the fourth revolution. Industry 4.0 is a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government. Meanwhile, in the U.S., some companies are also working hard on it. But the success of industry depends on whether business and politics can work together. It’s not only politics that needs to help open the door for Industry 4.0. Every company is advised to seize the new digital opportunities.
1.What marks the coming of Industry 4.0?
A. Steam engines. B. Mass production.
C. Use of electronics. D. Intelligent networks.
2.Industry 4.0 will probably result in ________ in the world of manufacturing.
A. production limited to an individual factory
B. everything connected with everything else
C. networks and processes no longer existing
D. classic factories stopping their competition
3.What’s the meaning of the underlined part in Para. 4?
A. Sharing information of the world time.
B. Global news broadcast at any time.
C. Instant worldwide information exchange.
D. Spreading news widely on the hour.
4.According to the last paragraph, who is the most active in pushing Industry 4.0?
A. The European companies. B. The American government.
C. The American companies. D. The German government.
5.The writer’s attitude toward Industry 4.0 can best be described as ________.
A. supportive B. negative
C. doubtful D. cautious
The current Ebola (埃博拉病毒) outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3,069 people, including 1,552 dead, making it the largest outbreak in history. Ebola is a deadly virus —about 60 percent of people infected with it have died.
How is Ebola doing its harm?
When a person becomes infected with Ebola, the virus damages the body’s immune (免疫的) cells, which defend against infection, said a researcher at Lancaster University. But if a person’s immune system can stand up to this attack, then he is more likely to survive the disease.
The patients that survive it best are those who don’t get such a bad disadvantage in immune system. But if the body isn’t able to get rid of this attack, then the immune system becomes less able to regulate (调节) itself. This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control, leading to a drop in blood pressure, multi-organ failure and eventually death.
What are the common symptoms of the disease?
Fever. Headache. Joint and muscle aches. Weakness. Diarrhea. Vomiting. Stomach pain. Lack of appetite. Chills. Rash. Redness in the eyes. Hiccups. Cough. Sore throat. Chest pain. Difficult breathing or swallowing. Bleeding inside and outside of the body.
How to prevent the spread of Ebola?
Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients, specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient.
We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing, bedding, and needles used by them. Avoid areas where infections have been reported. For now, the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa, four cases in America and Europe. Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals, probably through the meat of primates(灵长类). If you’re in an area where the disease has been reported, avoid purchasing, eating, or handling wild game to stay on the safe side.
Wear protective medical clothing if you’re around infected patients. Extreme caution is necessary. Hospital workers must use masks, gloves, goggles, and gowns, which needed to be worn at all times if you’re around infected patients.
How Do People Survive Ebola?
Doctors don’t know for certain who will survive Ebola, and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease. Although in the minority, some people do recover from infection.
Our suggestions include:
Maintain your electrolytes (电解质) and body liquid. Sports drinks can be used. Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary. Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection. Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment. Quickly address any symptoms of infection. Be honest about when and where you’re feeling pain.
1.Ebola causes the death of a human being by ________.
A. attacking him with high fever
B. regulating his immune system
C. damaging his immune cells
D. harming all his organs directly
2.What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of Ebola?
A. Fever and chills. B. Swallowing difficulty.
C. Loss of blood. D. High blood pressure.
3.In order not to be infected by Ebola, we should _________.
A. have the clothing of the infected cleaned
B. avoid eating wild animals like monkeys
C. not travel to Africa, America or Europe
D. stay at home without going anywhere
4.It is true that ________.
A. a certain number of people survive Ebola
B. human has found a special cure for Ebola
C. oxygen can save infected people’s lives
D. low blood pressure is surely caused by Ebola
