C
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 一 called light pollution 一 whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect or life is affected .
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures ,we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.
1.According to the passage, human being .
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
2.What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A. The night. B. The moon
C. The sky D. The planet
3. The writer mentions birds and frogs to .
A. provide examples of animal protection
B. show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
4.It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
5.What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Magic light.
B. The Orange Haze.
C. The Disappearing Night.
D. The Rhythms of Nature.
B
Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers， percentages, and other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more pages and pages and pages explaining the data .
Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title ,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text .
Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner, Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures.
Bar Graphs
A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).
Line Graphs
A line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead of Bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph – two labeled axes –and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points, This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time.
Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2).
The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird’s migration.
Pie Graphs
A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.
A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month’s expense, (See Graph 3 ).
Food $ 25
Movies $ 12
Clothing $ 36
Savings $ 20
Books $ 7
1.When used in a graph，a legend is_____
A. a guide to the symbols and colors
B. an introduction paragraph
C. the main idea
D. the data
2.What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ?
A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 .
3.The bird covered the longest distance on _____
A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4
4.Which of the following cost Amy most ?
A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing.
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.
One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. “
The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr Holt, do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.
During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can’t be,” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “
This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is, an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.
1. According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from________.
A. reading little and thinking little
B. reading often and adventurously
C. being made to read too much
D. being made to read aloud before others
2.The teacher told his students to read______ .
A. for enjoyment
B. for knowledge
C. for a larger vocabulary
D. for higher scores in exams
3.Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that________.
A. it sounded stupid
B. it was not surprising at all
C. it sounded too good to be true
D. it was no different from other teachers' talk
4. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
5. From the teacher's point of view,_________ .
A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading
B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read
C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school
D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-20各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford. I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now on their way to impressive careers. By society’s , they seem to have it made.
On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with Longtime roommates, and out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars.
The thing is, a number of them have that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and . However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the to which they have so quickly become .
People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and the end the idea of leaving, their jobs to work for something they or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion; it’ s . They have loans, bills, a mortgage（抵押贷款）to , retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something in their lives, but it’s to step off the track.
In a society that tends to everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn form a young age to consider the costs of our in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.
1.A. much B. never C. seldom D. well
2.A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations
3.A. last B. least C. second D. best
4.A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked
5.A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected
6.A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded
7.A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve
8.A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect
9.A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty
10.A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project
11.A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available
12.A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather
13.A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in
14.A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable
15.A. take of B. drop off C. put off D. pay off
16.A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining
17.A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal
18.A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver
19.A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions
20.A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced
一Why don’t you consider a trip to, say, Beijing or Hangzhou?
一 .
A. I wouldn’t mind that
B. Then we’ll get there quickly
C. Let’s call it a day
D. It’s not a requirement
Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose
C. in which D. at which
