Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must be simple in design, reversible( 可翻转的), capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.
Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is the most important thing, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.
The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated individuals even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life preserver should be reversible so that it is nearly impossible to set it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.
1.The passage is mainly about_____________.
A. the uses of life preservers
B. the design of life preservers
C. the materials for life preservers
D. the buoyancy of life preservers
2.According to the passage, a life preserver should be first of all, _________.
A . adjustable B. comfortable
C. self-evident D. self-righting
3.United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ______.
A. with as few strings as possible
B. capable of being worn on both sides
C. according to each wearer's size
D. comfortable and light to wear
4.By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ______.
A. who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver
B. who has a little experience in using a life preserver
C. who uses a life preserver without permission
D. who becomes nervous before a disaster
Even at the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology (TJHSST), a top-ranked high school in the US, senior Pooja . She has got a 4.57 grade-point average, a 2390 (out of 2400) on the SAT, and earned all 13 of her Advanced Placement (先修课程)exams. She a national non-profit program that encourages middle-school girls to in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) programs. She has developed a mobile app that analyzes speech patterns and predicts with 96 percent accuracy a person has Parkinson’s disease（帕金森氏病）.
Oh, and she’s 17.
Pooja earned admission to all eight Ivy League schools. Ivy League schools are generally as the best universities worldwide. Earning an letter from one Ivy League school is a rare achievement for most high school students. It is rare for a student to get into all eight, a few each year manage to do so. This year, Long Island student Harold Ekeh announced that he, too, had been accepted to all the Ivies.
Pooja’s adviser, Kerry Hamblin, said that she worked very hard to herself in the classroom, which helped her to be the best among her classmates. “She’s taking the hardest courses, the most that we offer, and has succeeded beyond anyone’s in all of them,” Hamblin said.
“She is really outstanding as a TJHSST kid has taken the mission(任务,使命) of the school as as it can go,” said principal Evan Glazer. “She’s a STEM superwoman who her interests in curious ways.”
Pooja has taken classes in computing, artificial intelligence and DNA science. Pooja wrote one of her college application essays being a woman interested in a career in computer science, a field strongly mainly by men for a long time. She said she’s often one of just girls in her technology classes. “I want to encourage in the field,” she said.
1.A. sticks out B. pushes out C. stands out D. puts out
2.A. scored B. graded C. bet D. arrived
3.A. found B. founded C. set D. based
4.A. undertake B. enjoy C. practice D. participate
5.A. also B. either C. ever D. never
6.A. whether B. what C. why D. how
7.A. sighted B. thought C. viewed D. looked
8.A. appointment B. acceptance C. acquirement D. allowance
9.A. fully B. hopefully C. badly D. extremely
10.A. though B. if C. even D. then
11.A. make B. push C. remind D. help
12.A. interesting B. tiring C. challenging D. disturbing
13.A. exceptions B. respects C. thoughts D. expectations
14.A. who B. as C. which D.where
15.A. good B. far C. low D. well
16.A. went B. progressed C. approached D. moved
17.A. about B. in C. for D. to
18.A. committed B. required C. existed D. influenced
19.A. a handful of B. a lot of C. a large number of D. an amount of
20.A. similarity B. diversity C. imbalance D. excellence
— Ken, ___________, but your TV is going too loud.
— Oh, I’m sorry. I’ll turn it down right now.
A. I’d like to talk with you B. I’m really tired
C. I need your help D. I hate to say this
Owing to heavy traffic jams, many people would like to choose the train ______ driving.
A. in preference to B. in addition to
C. in answer to D. in relation to
— Thank you very much for giving me a hand when I was in trouble.
— Don’t mention it. I only did what anyone else _______ in my place.
A. must do B. could have done
C. would do D. can have done
As to the long-term effects of global warming some believe that the damage has been done, ______________________.
A. otherwise we take steps to make up now
B. now that we take steps to make up
C. whether we take steps to make up now or not
D. unless we take steps to make up now
