Texting long messages can be a pain in the neck. The repetitive action of working your fingers across the keyboard of your cell phone can cause some of the same chronic (慢性的) pain problems previously limited to those who’d spent a lifetime typing.
The possible connection is particularly worrying considering how much teens and young adults — and increasingly those in professional settings — are texting nowadays, said Judith Gold, who carried out one of the first studies on the potential connection.
Text messaging is a fairly new technology, Gold says, so this is a new area of research for those who study ergonomics (人类工程学). But “considering the similarities in body position, findings from research on overuse injuries from computers could be applicable” to texting.
“The way the body is positioned for texting – fixed shoulders and back with rapidly moving fingers – is similar to the position for typing on a computer,” Gold explained. Previous research has found pain in the elbow connected with too much thumb texting.
To look for a broader link between texting and chronic pain, Gold and her colleagues sent a questionnaire to 138 college students, asking them to report the number of text messages they sent per day (in four categories: 0, 1-10, 11-20, 21+ messages) and to point out any discomfort they felt on a body map.
The research showed an association between the number of text messages sent per day and shoulder discomfort. The effect seemed to be particularly pronounced in males, though Gold says she doesn’t know why that would be.
“What we’ve seen so far is very similar to what we see with office workers who’ve spent most of their time at a computer,” Gold said. However, Gold’s study did not take account of the amount of time the people surveyed also spent typing on computers, which could be affecting the results.
1.In the past, who usually suffered from a pain in the neck according to the passage?
A. A writer B. A typist C. A teacher D. A doctor
2. The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 6 refers to the fact that _______.
A. office workers easily suffer from the body discomfort
B. men like to text messages more
C. text messaging causes body discomfort
D. males have more shoulder discomfort
3.The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. what ergonomics is
B. texting too much causes a pain in the neck
C. whether texting is beneficial or not
D. the connection between texting and typing
4.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. the study was the first one carried out by Gold
B. one positions oneself differently from computer-users when texting
C. the amount of computer-use time was calculated in the survey
D. the result of the survey was not 100% convincing
B
Haagen-Dazs from Europe started in 1989 and is 5-10 times more expensive than regular ice cream．There is no real advantage．However, it adopted a unique marketing strategy(策略), and quickly occupied the market as a top ice cream brand．
Haagen-Dazs did not set up shops in ordinary supermarkets or grocery stores. Haggen-Dazs leisure fashion shops are located in busy sections of malls．The layout(布局) is carefully planned to create an elegant atmosphere, and sometimes, a flagship（旗舰） store will cost several million dollars．
Compared to other ice cream brands, Haagen-Dazs consumers are tightly grouped．It is understood that Haagen-Dazs seldom does television advertising．The majority of ads are highly visual impact of the print ads．In particular many advertisements target the wealthy consumers. Moreover, if the consumer spends 500 Yuan, they can become a member. These members will be regularly sent advertisements by direct mail．Praise of customers is a powerful weapon for Haagen Dazs．
There is always much creative ingenuity(独创性) in Haagen-Dazs advertising, so it is remembered by the people:
☆ Initial advertisements such as: "Delicious Haagen-Dazs, like 24K gold, Kobe beef from Japan, original palm oil, mushroom truffles（松露） and Chinese ceramics（制陶术）…what 'ice cream' was waiting for．"
☆"love her, let her eat Haagen-Dazs" This classic advertisement attracted numerous Haagen-Dazs lovers who became regulars．
Today, Haggen Dazs has about 700 stores in 55 countries with annual sales of more than 1 billion US dollars．Haagen-Dazs has become the world's most popular ice cream brand．In the United States, its market share is 6．1%, 1%in France, 4．6% in Japan, 4% in Singapore, and 5% in Hong Kong．
Determined to win the majority of wealthy customers they combined positioning in the marketplace with dedicated brand goals．This is the real secret of success．
1. How is the text organized?
A. Main idea-Comparison-Supporting examples- Conclusion
B. Topic- Supporting examples- Conclusion
C. Opinion-Discussion- Description- Conclusion
D. Topic-Argument-Explanation-Conclusion
2.According to the initial advertisements of Haagen-Dazs , it stresses that it is _____
A. expensive B. excellent
C. special D. popular
3.Why does Haagen-Dazs seldom do television advertisements? _____
A. Because it can't afford to do television advertisements.
B. Because it doesn't think television advertising attracts consumers.
C. Because it focuses on its target consumers by using other media.
D. Because its design isn't suitable to be broadcast on the television.
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A. The origin of Haagen-Dazs,
B. The creative advertisements of Haagen-Dazs.
C. The Influence of Haagen-Dazs.
D. The marketing strategy of Haagen-Dazs.
I had worked long and hard on this project．Knowing it was finally completed gave me great Satisfaction．“Perfect！”I said “Now, all I have to do is to keep the dogs off it．”I went about setting up barriers using old fence, deck chairs, planters, and anything I could find so as to avoid footprints both on the oil paint and our carpet. It worked perfectly ．
Just before returning to the house and to a much needed shower, I took one last look at this fine work of art．“What is that?” I said．“Where did that come from ?”
Clearly marked and evenly spaced across the entire area, the tiny marks ran in straight lines．I carefully stepped to our flower garden．It was there I found several of the small markings. Now, almost frozen in place by this shocking discovery, I remained in position so as to prevent further damage to my work．Just then, off to my left, it appeared．A chipmunk （花栗鼠）. He was as surprised as I was. We stood there face to face looking at each other, wondering who would make the first move ．
The warm, humid air was now getting the best of me. Sweat now ran freely over my head, and in poor timing into my eyes. I reached up to rub them and when I opened my eyes he was gone ．
My only satisfaction was in thinking that when he returned home he tracked oily footprints into his own home. And , hoping he was married , his wife would not let him live it down for the rest of his life. I stood up, shook my head, laughing about it and walking into my house．
Yes, I tracked oil on the carpet. I am married. My wife will not let me live it down for the rest of my life.
1. We can know from the passage that the chipmunk_________________．
A. made fun of the author
B. stole something important in the house
C. spoiled the author’s work
D. came for some food
2.What did the author do to the chipmunk ?
A. He made fun of it
B. He frightened it away
C. He tried to catch it but failed
D. He didn’t do any harm to it
3. We can conclude from the passage that____________．
A. the author was not satisfied with his family life
B. the author was quite satisfied with his project
C. the barriers the author set up were quite successful
D. the chipmunk had a happy family just like the author
— It is an hour before we can board the train. Shall we just wait here or go to have a cup of coffee?
— ________.
A. Help me out B. That is great
C. It’s up to you D. Take your time
Today acupuncture(针刺疗法) has become popular round the world, _____ other traditional Chinese medicines.
A. so are B. nor are C. so have D. nor have
Fully _ in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
A. devoted B. prepared
C. acknowledged D. occupied
