we may spend an all night studying before an important exam．We'll most probably rush to rescue a broken down friend in the middle of the nigh， 1. All that can leave you feeling unsure of how you're going to survive the day ahead．If you would like some helpful tips on how to stay alert，read on to find out more：
．Nap
This may seem obvious but it goes without saying that the antidote（解药）to tiredness is sleep. 2.
According to Dr David Dinges，editor of the journal SLEEP，a nap as short as 10minutes can be of benefit to you by moving the brain into slow-wave‘sleep．According to ranges，sleeping for longer than 40 minutes could leave you feeling slightly groggy(昏沉) upon waking，but this will soon wear off. 3.
. 4.
Though this is not a long term solution it does do the trick temporarily．The average person needs around 100-200 milligrams of caffeine.5. The benefits will last for around three to four hours．
A.Caffeine doesn't work．
B．Drink caffeinated drinks．
C．Lack of sleep is becoming more and more common in our society．
D．If you haven't got time for 8 hours then try taking a short nap instead．
E．It will take around 15 to 30 minutes for it to come into effect．
F．Occasionally we are just unable to sleep because of anxiety．
G．You will feel sharper after that．
Dear Dr.Servaas,
I was diagnosed with histoplasrnosis（组织胞浆菌病）30 years ago ．At that time， my doctor told me that it was lung fungus（真菌）that could affect my eyesight.This has happened·Can it affect other organs of the body？
F．Buongiorne
Delta Junction，Arkansas，
Most people have no symptoms resulting from the lung infection，explains histo expert Dr.L.Joseph Wheat，when symptoms do develop，they are usually mild and will disappear without treatment
In some cases，however，histo can spread from the lungs and cause more serious problems．
“Histo is more severe in persons with diseases that reduce thcir immunity or who are receiving immunosuppressive（免疫抑制）medications,”says Dr.Wheat，"In such cases，histo can spread from lungs to other parts of the body．Patients with this type of histoplasmosis usually have constant fever，sweats，and weight loss·Excellent tests are available to diagnose this type of histo，and the treatment is highly effective·”
As mentioned by our Arkansas reader，eye problems accompanied by vision loss have been reported long after the first infection．
"Histo is thought by some to be a cause of spots on the back of the eye，called ‘histo spots’，”notes Dr·Wheat．“These injuries cause no problems in some patients， while in others they cause visual loss．There is no proof that histo causes these spots， however，as the organism is not found in the injured parts，and treatment for histo is not effective for the eye spots．”
People catch histoplasmosis by breathing extremely small spores（孢子）of the histoplasma fungus into their lungs·This fungus is commonly found in areas polluted by bird or bat droppings such as caves，chicken cages，barns（谷仓），and under bridges．It will spread through the air during construction or whenever plowing，sweeping，or digging disturbs the soil．
1.What’s the problem with F．Buongiorne？
A.He has recently been diagnosed with his to．
B．He is having difficulty in breathing．
C．He is worried about his health．
D．He has become totally blind．
2.Which of the following is Dr．Wheat’s opinion about“histo"？
A.The disease is equally harmful to all people．
B．The disease will make people put on weight．
C．The disease won’t cause serious problems and no medicine is effective for it·
D．The disease doesn’t，t necessarily have a serious effect on every patient with it·
3.How is“histo" related to“histo spots"？
A."Histo spots" may not be caused by“histo"．
B．Patients with“histo" will have“histo spots"．
C．"Histo spots" will cause visual loss to all patients．
D．“Histo spots" can be cured by the same medicine as cures“histd
4.We can infer from the passage that＿ ．
A.“histo" spreads through water
B．"histo" originates from animals
C．you may have the disease by eating affected chicken
D．workers in a close office are most likely to have“histo"
It has happened to all of us．You want to talk about an object，but you forgot the name of it．Or you never knew the name at all．Maybe you are not even sure there is a word for it．
For example，that thing, that you need to fix your bicycle．Or perhaps it is something you need for your computer·Or that part on your motorcycle that never，ever seems to work．
What are these things?
They are called“doohickies"·A doohickey is a word you use when you do not know，or you have forgotten，the real name of an object·
The MacMillan Dictionary defines doohickey as“something such as a small object or tool that you cannot remember the name of"·The American Heritage Dictionary says it is“something，especially a small device or part，whose name is unknown or forgotten"．
Language experts say the word first started being used in the United States in the early 1900s· But other experts say they have seen examples of words like that in writings from the middle 1800s．
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary for Learners of American English gives this example of how native speakers might use doohickey：“I need one of those doohickeys，you know，with the long handle．”
Merriam-Webster adds that doohickey may be a combination of two other words：“doodad" and“hickey" ．Strange as it may be，both of these words mean the same as doohickey．The dictionary lists a lot of strange words as.synonyms for doohickey．The most common are whatchamacallit，whatnot and whatsit．
You will probably never see these words in official documents or newspaper reports·But you might hear them in informal American English，when people are talking to each other·
“Hey，what does this doohickey do，anyway?”
"Dude，bring me that thingamajig，willya·”
"Janine，can you get me one of those whatchamacallits?”
Most Americans will know what you are talking about if you use one of those words.Just point at the object，use one of these words，and they will bring it to you·
1.When people need a doohickey it means they need something＿＿·
A.which can be used to repair a bicycle
B．which can be used to fix a computer
C．whose name is forgotten
D．whose handle is very long
2.The words similar to doohickey were most likely to be seen in＿＿for the first time．
A.1800 B.1850 C.1900 D.1950
3.You are sure to find the word whatchamacallit in＿＿
A.the Macmillan Dictionary
B．the American Heritage Dictionary
C．an Official document or a newspaper report
D．the Merriam-Webster Dictionary for Learners of American English
4.The above，passage is mainly about＿＿·
A.a special word
B．American English dictionaries’
C．the development of American English
D．the way to learn and use American English
Are you ready to take off? Launch into the adventure of a lifetime when you join the ranks of Space Camp where explorers train to live and work in space．This is your opportunity to command，navigate（航行）and contribute to an advanced space mission simulation（模拟）．
Space Camp is located at the U.S.Space＆Rocket Center，the Official Visitor Center for NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center．The program encourages trainees to pursue science，technology，engineering and math disciplines through, exciting，hands-on educational activities．
During the five-night program，trainees participate in two，one-hour simulated missions．Our trainers guide participants through the past，·present and future of space exploration with the help of high-fidelity（高保证的）test articles or actual rockets and shuttles．visitors explore the first rocket that put an American in space-the real National Historic Landmark Saturn V moon rocket-and actual capsules earlv
astronauts used during their missions·Trainees experience walking on the moon in the 1/6th gravity chair to feel what it's like to work in a frictionless environment．
Space Camp trainees also climb the tallest mountain on the red planet with the Mars Climbing Wall and experience four times the gravity of Earth with the takeoff force of the Space Shot simulator．They get an astronaut's view of Earth while watching amazing films in the IMAX Spacedome Theater and Digital Theater．
Space Camp begins on Sunday afternoon and graduation is on Friday morning.Parents and family members are encouraged to attend the graduation ceremony。
There is no other camp like it！
1.Whom is the Space Camp intended for?
A.Tourists. B.Students.
C.Astronauts D.Scientists.
2.How long will the Space Camp last?
A.About a day B.About three days．
C.About six days D.About twelve days.
3.Space Shot simulator will let the trainees know＿·
A.the takeoff force of a rocket
B．the highest mountain on mars
C．the history of space exploration
D．the feeling of being in the 1/6th gravity environment
近来,电子红包在中国正成为一种时尚。假定你是李华,请给你的美国朋友Peter写一封信，介绍有关情况。要点包括：
1. 红包特点
2. 发放时间与途径
3. 参与人群
4. 你的看法
注意：1. 词数120-150左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇：电子红包e-hongbao
Dear Peter,
I'm writing to tell you something about e-hongbao, which is becoming popular in China. ___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours
Li Hua
阅读下面短文。按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式。（不多于3个单词）填空，并将答案填写在答题卡得相应位置上。
You may like reading novels for fun. But you need to get 1. （organize） if you are reading a novel for school. Here 2. (be) some tips.
First, pay attention to characters. What do they do in the novel? What do they want? Everything—3. is about a character can help us to understand him, from his 4. （appear） to the kind of food he eats.
Besides, the order of the story and the plot are 5. （equal） important. Make sure that as you read, you make 6. quick note of what happens in each chapter. This will help you bring the things you have noticed about the character, setting, language and so on together. It's also an enormous help for you to retell the story after you have read it.
Next, themes. They are ideas that a novel explores. 7. is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to fully appreciate the novel. Perhaps love is a major theme, or justice, or 8. （survive）.
Furthermore, novels are made up 9. language. Writers use language in a special way 10. (make) their novels work. They may use metaphors(比喻), invent symbols, or show different characters' personalities through their speech styles.
