Question

附加题（30分）

When I was a law professor, a student reported that I made an error in grading his exam by giving him too many points. He was _____ and after thanking him for his honesty, I changed the ______ in my records. His beaming (欢笑的) face turned to _____. “You’re lowering my grade?” he said angrily. “I would never have come in ______ ……”. He didn’t finish the _____, but it was obvious that his display of honesty was false. He thought he’d have it all— praise and the ______ grade. Several colleagues thought I should have let the higher grade _____ because all I’d accomplished was to discourage him from being ______ in the future. And every time I tell this _____, some people agree with this remark. But I can’t see how I could give good ______ for worsening my mistake in grading by undermining (损害) the honesty of all my grades by failing to ______ an error. The grade itself would be a dishonest ______ of his knowledge and it would have been _____to other students. How could I possibly give a student a gift of an_____ grade? I know _____ reporting an error in one’s favor is unusual, but, like ______ extra change, it’s clearly the right thing to do. People of character, those with real honesty, hate to give up benefits as ______ as anyone else. The difference is that for them a good conscience and reputation is _____enough to give reason for the cost of doing the right thing. Perhaps lowering the student’s grade did ______ him from being honest in the future, but bribing (贿赂) him to be honest so that he does the right thing when it’s cost-free would have _____him even more. The duty to be honest is about right and wrong, not risks and rewards.

1.A. wise             B. right            C. rigid          D. angry

2.A. file             B. note           C. name            D. grade

3.A. grief            B. shock            C. happiness       D. silence

4.A. whether          B. which            C. if             D. what

5.A. sentence         B. word             C. exam            D. lesson

6.A. higher           B. lower            C. more            D. less

7.A. move             B. stand            C. change          D. drop

8.A. brave            B. adventurous      C. honest         D. dull

9.A. man              B. story            C. way           D. exam

10.A. state           B. cause        `   C. excuse          D. result

11.A. make            B. mind           C. avoid          D. correct

12.A. reaction        B. sense            C. sign           D. reflection

13.A. unfair          B. cruel            C. tough          D. funny

14.A. unfinished      B. undone           C. unearned       D. unquestioned

15.A. actively        B. secretly         C. voluntarily    D. curiously

16.A. receiving       B. returning        C. earning         D. paying

17.A. many            B. well             C. good            D. much

18.A. pleasure        B. reward           C. content        D. honor

19.A. discourage     B. influence        C. protect        D. separate

20.A. improved      B. encouraged      C. ruined         D. blamed

Answer

1.B

2.D

3.B

4.C

5.A

6.A

7.B

8.C

9.B

10.C

11.D

12.D

13.A

14.C

15.C

16.B

17.D

18.B

19.A

20.C

【解析】

试题分析：诚实是什么？我们该如何让人们诚实？文章通过一个小故事告诉了我们究竟该如何保持诚实

1.B考查形容词。A. wise 明智的；B. right正确的；C. rigid僵硬的;，严格的 ；D. angry生气的。根据下文我在成绩记录中改了他的名字，可知我也认为他是正确的，我多给他分数了。故选B。

2.D考查名词辨析。A. file文件；B. note 笔记；C. name名字；D. grade分数。根据下文我在成绩记录中改了他的名字，可知我也认为他是正确的，我多给他分数了。所以选D项。

3.B考查名词辨析。A. grief悲伤， 悲痛； B. shock震惊；C. happiness幸福；D. silence沉默。根据上下文可知这个学生对我降了他的分数感觉很惊讶，也很生气，接下来说：如果（我知道你降了我的分数），我就不会来了。所以选 B项。

4.C考查连词辨析。A. whether 是否；B. which哪一个；C. if 如果；D. what什么。根据上文可知 接下来说：如果（我知道你降了我的分数），我就不会来了。所以选C项。

5.A 考查名词辨析。A. sentence 句子；B. word单词；C. exam考试；D. lesson功课。根据上文的"I would never have come in 44 …"可知他这句话没有说完。所以选A项。

6.A 考查形容词。A. higher更高；B. lower 更低；C. more更多；D. less更少。根据句意可知这个学生并不诚实，因为下句说他既想得到高分也想得到表扬。他表现出的诚实是假的。所以选A项。

7.B考查动词辨析。A. move移动；B. 站立；C. change改变；D. drop放弃，停止。 根据上下文可知同事们都认为我不应该降他的分数，因为我们那样做会让他变得不诚实。所以选B项。

8.C考查形容词。A. brave勇敢的；B. adventurous 冒险的；C. honest诚实的；D. dull迟钝的。根据上下方的理解可知，如果 我那样做的话，会让他变得不诚实，故选C。

9.B考查名词。A. 男人；B. story 故事；C. way方法；D. exam考试。根据句意可知 我说起这个故事，人们都同意这样的话。故选B。

10.C考查名词辨析。A. state状态；B. cause起因；C. excuse借口；D. result结果。根据句意：我没有任何理由不去纠正我的错误而去破坏我其它分手的平等性而使我错上加错。故选C。

11.D 考查动词辨析。A. make制造；B. 介意；C. avoid避免；D. correct改正。根据上文提到我没有理由去纠正我的错误，使我自己错上加错。故选D。

12.D考查名词辨析。A. reaction回应；B. sense感官；C. sign标志；D. reflection反射。这个分数本身就是知识不诚实的反应。故选D。

13.A 考查形容词辨析。A. unfair不公平的；B. cruel 残酷的；C. tough艰苦的；D. funny有趣的，好笑的。 根据句意可知：那个分数本身就是对知识的不诚实的反应，对于别的学生来说这就是一种不公平。我怎么可能会给一个学生不应的分数呢？故选A。

14.C考查动词辨析。 A. unfinished未完成； B. undone 求做完； C. unearned 不劳而获的；D. unquestioned 未提问的 根据上文提到The grade itself would be a dishonest ______ of his knowledge and it would have been ______to other students，分数本身就是不公平的，对于别的学生来说，所以选C项。

15.C考查副词辨析。A. actively活跃地；B. secretly秘密地；C. voluntarily 自愿地；D.curiously好奇地。根据上下方的语境得知，我知道就像归还多给的零钱一样，自告奋勇地报告自己所犯的错误是不同寻常的，所以选C项。

16.B考查动词辨析。A. receiving收到；B. returning归还，返回；C. earning赚；D. paying付款。根据下方提到it’s clearly the right thing to do这是正常的事情，故应归还多找的零钱，所以选B项。

17.D考查代词。A. many 很多；B. well好地；C. good好的；D. much很多。根据句意可知：那些真正诚实的人和别人一样也不愿意放弃好处。As much as anyone else 与别人是一样的，提到大众的一种心理。故选D。

18.B考查名词辨析。A. pleasure快乐；B. reward报酬；C. content内容，目录；D. honor荣耀。 根据句意得知，唯一不同的是 对于他们来说，名誉就是最大的奖励，做正确的事情。故选B。

19.A考查动词辨析。A. discourage丧失信心；B. influence影响；C. protect保护；D. separate分离。句意 ：降低学生的分数会使孩子在将来变得诚实，而是向自己妥协，为自己做正确的事找个合理的借口。所以选A项。

20.

考点：考查故事类阅读