D
“We need carbohydrates, protein and fat — they are like the wood in the fireplace. The vitamins and minerals are like the match, the spark, for the fuel,” she explains. “We need them all, but in a very different proportions. And if the fuel isn’t there, the spark is useless.”
1.From the first paragraph we know that working women .
A. think cooking is especially complicated
B. do not share the same views with registered dietitians
C. are busy and not interested in cooking
D. are likely to eat healthfully
2.Orange juice is different from orange drink in that .
A. it contains only a small percentage of real juice
B. it is natural, nutritious and prepared from real oranges
C. it is largely orange-colored sugar water
D. it produces nothing but calories
3.In Paragraph 4, “a fruitless search” means .
A. an effort with no results
B. a search for a diet without fruits
C. a research on fruitless diet
D. a diet serving as medicine
C
Justin Bieber may have millions of fans worldwide, but Russia’s bears don’t appear to admire the pop singer’s music --- which proved fortunate for one lucky fisherman.
Igor Vorozhbitsyn had his life saved by a Justin Bieber ringtone, when his mobile phone went off during a dangerous attack by a brown bear.
The 42-year-old was attacked as he was walking to a favourite fishing spot in northern Russia’s Yakutia Republic and firmly believed that he was going to be killed.
Wildlife experts believe the ringtone must have frightened the bear into stopping its attack.
‘Sometimes a sharp shock can stop an angry bear in its attack and that ringtone would be a very unexpected sound for a bear,’ explained one.
Mr Vorozhbitsyn suffered from cuts and severe wounds and was rescued when he was found by other fishermen after using the phone to call for help.
Mr Vorozhbitsyn ---now recovering from his wounds---explained: ‘I had parked my car and was walking towards the spot I’d marked out when there was a tremendous impact on my back and the bear was on top of me.’
‘I couldn’t believe my luck when the phone went off and it run away.’
‘I know that sort of ringtone isn’t to everyone’s taste but my granddaughter loaded it onto my phone for a joke,’ he added.
Adult brown bears can weigh as much as 600kg and have been known to kill wolves and even Siberian tigers.
Finally, this is a proof that Justin Bieber is unbearable
1.Igor Vorozhbitsyn was attacked when____.
A. he was fishing at his favourite fishing spot.
B. he was walking towards his favourite fishing spot.
C. he was phoning his granddaughter.
D. he was driving to his favourite fishing spot.
2.The bear stopped attacking because___.
A. Justin Bieber came to rescue Igor Vorozhbitsyn.
B. Justin Bieber sang to it.
C. Justin Bieber’s ringtone was a sudden fright to it.
D. Igor Vorozhbitsyn’s mobile phone was a sudden fright to it.
3.What is the writer’s attitude towards Justin Bieber?
A. positive B. negative C. neutral (中立的) D. not mentioned
4.What does the last paragraph imply?
A. Justin Bieber’s music is popular all over the world.
B. Justin Bieber’s music is life-saving.
C. Justin Bieber’s music is threatening.
D. Even bears cannot stand Justin Bieber’s music.
B
American researchers found females are the more talkative sex because of a special “language protein” in the brain.
The study, conducted by neuroscientists(神经学家) and psychologist from the University of Maryland, concluded that women talked more because they had more of the Foxp2 protein. The research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, found that higher levels were found among humans that were women but in rats that were males. Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day – over 13,000 more than men. “This study is one of the first to report a sex difference in the expression of a language-associated protein in humans or animals,” said Prof Margaret McCarthy, who led the study. In their study, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal than their female friends.
They separated four-day-old rats from their mothers and then counted the number of times they cried out in the “ultrasonic（超声波的） range”, the frequencies higher than humans can hear, over five minutes. While both sexes called out hundreds of cries, the males called out twice as often, they found. But when the pups were returned to their mother’s cage, she fussed over her sons first. Tests conducted on the parts of the brain known to be associated with vocal calls showed the male pups have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females. The researchers then increased the production in the brains of female pups and reduced it in males. This led to the female rats crying out more often and their mothers showing more interest to them. In contrast, males became less “talkative”.
The researchers then tested samples from ten children, aged between three and five, which showed that females had up to 30 per cent more of the Foxp2 protein than males, in a brain area key to language in humans.
“Based on our observations, we assume higher levels of Foxp2 in girls and higher levels of Foxp2 in male rats is an indication that Foxp2 protein levels are associated with the more communicative sex,” said Prof McCarthy.
“Our results imply Foxp2 as a component (成分)of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal communication in mammals.”
1.From the second paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A. women always speak more words than men
B. men and male rats have low levels of language protein
C. women and male rats have similar levels of Foxp2
D. McCarthy isn’t the first to find females more talkative
2.The underlined phrase “fussed over” in the third paragraph probably means______.
A. paid attention to B. related to
C. put pressure on D. counted on
3.The researchers carried out the experiments on rats in order to _______.
A. test which part of the brain is key to language in rats and humans
B. prove the levels of Foxp2 protein in humans and rats are different
C. determine the reason why female rats are more talkative than male rats
D. discover the association between Foxp2 protein and vocal communication
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Tests on humans and rats
B. Why women are the talkative sex
C. Sex differences in Foxp2 protein
D. Foxp2 protein determines oral ability
Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car and killed the two people in the other car? He died the next morning too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didn’t realize her brother was in the midst of it all. She never saw him again. And it’s all your fault.
I wish you’d walk out of my life forever. I don’t want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you’ve caused. Sure, you’ve made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you’ve caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable. Stop luring (引诱) in the people I love. Stop hurting me, please.
Sincerely,
Anonymous
1.What is author’s purpose in writing to alcohol?
A. To introduce Mr. Alcohol to the readers
B. To describe the harm alcohol did to his family.
C. To show how much alcohol can hurt people.
D. To show the great fun alcohol can bring to people’s life.
2.What did alcohol do to the author’s father?
A. It made him crash into two other cars and took his life.
B. It made him drink too much and he had to get his stomach pumped.
C. It made him kill two other people when driving.
D. It made him get into a car accident and badly injure himself.
3.The underlined phrase “were intrigued by” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. were familiar with
B. were interested in
C. were disappointed with
D. were satisfied with
4.What is the tone of the article?
A. Critical B. Doubtful
C. Unconcerned D. Humorous
阅读下面短文, 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
High school students in Victoria, Australia have been offered Education Department advice ahead of their written exams. The advice has been developed by the state Education Department together with a mental health organization. “Exams can be a stressful time and the government is ensuring that students have the support they need to get through the period,” Education Minister Martin Dixon said.
Students are advised to breathe deeply through their noses as a relaxation technique, to have a healthy diet, and to improve their mood by exercising. The importance of sleep, staying connected with family and friends, and planned study times are emphasized. Students will also learn “positive self-talk”. “The positive way that you talk to yourself can be used for greater confidence and reducing stress, and can be a very effective way to prepare yourself for a big test or exam,” students are told.
The tips encourage young people to speak up if they are having difficulty, and remember that life will go on beyond exams. At the same time, students with serious problems are urged to seek professional help.
写作内容:1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2.用约120个单词对文中所述话题进行讨论, 内容包括：
3.你学习或生活中面对怎样的压力；
4.你正在或打算如何应对这些压力。
写作要求:
1.作文中可以使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事, 也可以参照阅读材料的内容, 但不得 直接引用原文中的句子；
2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
“I invented a new word. How do I get it into the dictionary?”
This is, by far, the question lexicographers(词典编纂者）hear the most. People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it into the dictionary? When lexicographers decide what words to add to dictionaries, they try to imagine what words users actually want to look up. There are important factors to keep in mind here.
1）Is the word in widespread usage?
The usage question is an important one that gets at the heart of how dictionaries are written. When modem lexicographers try to add words to dictionaries, they tend to approach their work from the angle of descriptivism — that is, they observe how the language is being used, see if it, s a common phenomenon, and then write definitions based on their research.
2）Does the word have staying power?
Widespread usage does not, however, guarantee a word a shiny new definition in a dictionary. Is the word going to stay around for a while, or is it just a passing fad? Is it likely to be in use in 5, 10, 20, or even 100 years? These are important questions to ask because there are far more updates and new words to be added to dictionaries than lexicographers have time to write.
3）Are you famous? Do you have influence?
If you’re famous, that could definitely up your chances of getting a word into a dictionary. Are you a writer? That could help. Take, for example, William Shakespeare, who invented (or at least popularized) hundreds of words and phrases commonly used today. Politicians also make their contributions. Abraham Lincoln invented the word neologize, and Winston Churchill has the first citation(引语）in the OED for many words, including fluffily and fly-in. So if you’re a person with influence and a following, the words you use can spread into common usage, which, as discussed above, is very important when it comes to gaining dictionary-entry.
4）Does the word fill a gap in the language?
If you’re not famous, there are other ways. Maybe you’re a scientist introducing new concepts to the public. Take, for example, the Higgs Boson particle(粒子), named after physicist Peter W. Higgs. But you don’t have to be a scientist to get your word a dictionary entry. Just look at Dominique Ansel, the pastry chef (糕点师) who captured the stomachs of New Yorkers with his dessert, the cronat. His invention even inspired copycats in the form of doissants and daffins.
Apart from these, it does sometimes help if the word is fun to say. The term blog is relatively new, which arose in 1999 when Peter Merholz made a light-hearted comment on the sidebar of his “weblog” telling his readers “I’ve decided to pronounce the word ‘weblog’ as wee’-blog. Or ‘blog’ for short.” And there’s also Dr. Seuss, who invented the term nerd.
So, why do some words make it into dictionaries while others don’t? With the knowledge discussed above in hand, the answer is more than obvious. Go forth! Use language creatively! Lexicographers are listening!
Title: How does a word gain 1.into the dictionary? | ||
Reasons | Details | Examples |
Being used 2. | With the approach of descriptivism, modem lexicographers will observe how commonly a word is used and 3.it according to their research. |
|
Having staying power | The 4. a word remains in use, the more likely it is to be put into the dictionary. |
|
Being invented by famous people | Chances of dictionary entry also 5. if the new word is invented by people of importance and influence. | hundreds of words and phrases invented by literary figures and 6.. |
7.a gap in the language | If a word introduces new scientific concepts, or 8. new inventions, it will probably get into the dictionary. the Higgs Boson particle; cromit, doissants, duffins | the Higgs Boson particle; cromit, doissants,duffins |
Being fun to say | Some words make it into dictionaries because they carry a 9.of fun when you use them. | 10.nerd
|
