Question

It is only during the last few years that man has generally realized that in the world of nature a balance exists between all forms of life. No living thing can exist by itself. It is part of a system in which all forms of life are joined together. If we change one part of the nature order, this will almost certainly bring about changes in some other part.

The cutting of forests reduced the supply of oxygen. The killing of weeds and insects by chemicals led to the wide-spread poisoning of animals and birds. The throwing of waste products into the ocean hurt life in the sea, while waste gases changed the chemical balance of the atmosphere and shut out some of the sun’s necessary life-giving rays.

And so we could go on adding more examples until in despair(绝望) we might feel like giving up the struggle to control these harmful human activities. Man is very clever at changing the world around him to satisfy his immediate needs, but he is not so clever at looking far ahead, or at thinking about what the future results of his action might be. Man may well destroy himself because of his silly action.

1.The first paragraph tells us that _____.

A. all living things in nature depend on each other

B. everything in nature can’t exist without the help of man

C. man has known the importance of the balance of nature for a long time

D. no living thing can live naturally

2.In the second paragraph the examples given are used to prove that _____.

A. all forms of life belong to a system in which all the parts can be changed for one another

B. it is only during the last few years that man has generally known the balance of nature

C. there are some living things which can exist by themselves without change

D. we can’t change one form of life without destroying the balance of nature

3.The last paragraph suggests that in order to get his immediate benefits(利益) _____.

A. man is always anxious to control his activities within limits

B. man is always too eager in planning for distant future

C. man often fails to think about their future results of his action

D. man often feels that he will have to give up in despair

4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Cutting down woods does little harm to human beings.

B. Man has to pay much more attention to the future results of his present action.

C. Oxygen comes from forests.

D. The passage tells us to try our best to get as much as possible immediately.

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.C

4.B

【解析】

试题分析：这篇文章关于环境保护，自然平衡，呼吁我们要关注环保。

1.A考查主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知世界上的所有事物都是紧密联系的，如果一种发生变化，另外一种也会随之变化。故选A。

2.D考查判断推理题。通读文章的第二段，这些例子告诉我们做诸如此类的事情会对环境造成什么样的危害，故人类不能因为改变生活方式而毁坏自然。故D正确。

3.C考查细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话中的but he is not so clever at looking far ahead, or at thinking about what the future results of his action might be但是他不是如此擅长向前看或不善于考虑他的行动可能带来的结果，可知现在的人们考虑不到自己现在的行动会给未来造成什么样的影响。故C正确。

4.B考查判断推理题。A.Cutting down woods does little harm to human beings砍伐森林对人类有很小的危害；B.Man has to pay much more attention to the future results of his present actionren现在的人们更应该注意目前的行为会对未来产生什么样的影响；C.Oxygen comes from forests氧气源自森林；D.The passage tells us to try our best to get as much as possible immediately.这篇短文主要告诉我们尽最大努力获得更多的东西。根据文章讲述了人类破坏自然的很多行为会产生很大的影响，告诉我们人类必须注意自己的行为对未来造成的影响。从而判断选择B。

【名师点睛】

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。 主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。如小题1A考查主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知世界上的所有事物都是紧密联系的，如果一种发生变化，另外一种也会随之变化。故选A。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。如小题4B考查判断推理题。A.Cutting down woods does little harm to human beings砍伐森林对人类有很小的危害；B.Man has to pay much more attention to the future results of his present actionren现在的人们更应该注意目前的行为会对未来产生什么样的影响；C.Oxygen comes from forests氧气源自森林；D.The passage tells us to try our best to get as much as possible immediately.这篇短文主要告诉我们尽最大努力获得更多的东西。根据文章讲述了人类破坏自然的很多行为会产生很大的影响，告诉我们人类必须注意自己的行为对未来造成的影响。从而判断选择B。

考点：科普环保类阅读理解