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阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从短文后所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填...

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从短文后所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Many theories regarding the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theorieson the individual suggest that childrencriminal behavior before they were not sufficientlyfor previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes into their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children fromfamilies,the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents.All,however,are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectlyjuvenile crime rates.For example,changes in the economy thatto fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.This results inamong youths and may inlead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also experiencedthese years.More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family.This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.Other noticeableof offensive acts includeexperience or failure in school,theavailability of drugs and alcohol,and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase theof a child committing a criminal act,a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established.

1.A. centering    B. depending       C. figuring      D. concerning

2.A. refer to     B. know about      C. engage in     D. learn of

3.A. punished     B. forgiven        C. forgotten     D. excused

4.A. return       B. contact         C. reference     D. response

5.A. respected    B. cultivated      C. disadvantaged D. immigrated

6.A. considering  B. ignoring        C. highlighting  D. believing

7.A. values       B. misbehaviors    C. criminals     D. theories

8.A. affect       B. reduce          C. prevent       D. reflect

9.A. point        B. lead            C. come          D. add

10.A. in general  B. on average      C. by contrast   D. at last

11.A. discomfort  B. dissatisfaction C. dishonesty Ddiscrimination

12.A. case        B. short           C. turn          D. return

13.A. failure     B. miseries        C. development   D. changes

14.A. contrarily  B. consequently    C. similarly     D. occasionally

15.A. education   B. concept         C. structure     D. economy

16.A. suggestions B. causes          C. ideas         D. reports

17.A. smooth      B. favorable       C. unfavorable   D. practical

18.A. increasing  B. restricted      C. reasonable    D. popular

19.A. knowledge   B. aspect          C. strength      D. probability

20.A. since       B. although        C. as            D. because

 

1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.B 【解析】本文是一篇关于青少年犯罪方面的文章。这里文章作者主要叙述了青少年犯罪的起因。 1.A动词辨析。A. centering中心;B. depending独立;C. figuring 计算;D. concerning 关心;根据情理可知理论中心对个人建议,孩子从事犯罪行为是因为以前的错误行为没有得到足够的惩罚。故选A。 2.C短语辨析。A. refer to提及;B. know about了解;C. engage in参加;D. learn of听说。根据句意可知孩子从事犯罪行为是因为以前的错误行为没有得到足够的惩罚。故选C。 3.A。短语A. punished惩罚;B. forgiven原谅;C. forgotten忘记;D. excused打扰;be punished for受到惩罚。根据后句for previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.可知以前的错误行为没有得到足够的惩罚。故选A。 4.D动词辨析。根据hildren commit crimes into their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status… “孩子犯罪……想提高社会经济地位却遭受失败……”。不难发现,前后两个部分之间是因果关系。选项A. return 作为回报,一般不与to 连用;B. reply to 作为回复;C. reference to 关于,参考;D. response to 由于,作为回应,这里可以引申为"由于,出于"的意思,表达一种因果关系。故选D。 5.C动词辨析。A. respected尊敬;B. cultivated培养;C. disadvantaged缺点;D. immigrated移民;根据情理可知大多数青少年犯罪的理论都集中在有家庭缺陷的儿童身上,故选C。 6.B动词辨析。A.considering考虑到;B.ignoring忽略;C.highlighting强调,启发;D.discarding抛弃。根据语境可知大多数青少年犯罪的理论都将矛头指向单亲家庭的孩子身上,忽略了富裕家庭孩子也犯罪的事实。故选B 7.D上下文串联。A. values价值;B. misbehaviors错误的行为;C. criminals 犯罪;D. theories理论。根据文章第一句可知。所有的理论都不确定或没有。故选D。 8.A.affect影响;B.reduce减少;C.check检查;D.reflect反映。社会结构的变革可能会间接影响青少年犯罪率。故选A 9.B。动词辨析。A.pointto指向;B.leadto导致;C.cometo达到,苏醒;D.amountto合计,根据情理可知总计。经济的变革会使就业机会少,失业率高,这是因果关系。只有leadto"导致"可以表示因果关系。故选B。 10.A短语辨析。A.ingeneral一般来说;B.onaverage平均;C.bycontrast对比;D.atlength最终。句子中没有统计,因此不涉及平均,onaverage不符合句子含义;没有参照对象,因此不涉及对比,bycontrast不符合句子含义;没有时间期限,不涉及最终,atlength不符合句子含义。ingeneral"一般来说,经济变革使回报丰厚的工作更难找到",符合句子含义。故答案选A。 11.B名词辨析。A. discomfort不适;B. dissatisfaction 不满意;C. dishonesty不诚实;D. discrimination不犯罪。根据情理可知随之产生的不满让年轻人犯罪,故选B。 12.C短语辨析。由in组成的短语A.incase万一;B.inshort简言之;C.inturn反过来;D.inessence本质上说。前文介绍各种变化带来的后果,空格处所在的句子"随之产生的不满……导致更多的年轻人走向犯罪",这说明变化和犯罪是相互作用的,故选择inturn"反过来"。故选C。 13.D名词辨析。A.failure失败;B.miseries苦难;C.development发展;D.changes变化。根据句意可知这些年来,家庭也经历了变化。故选D。 14.B副词辨析。A.contrarily相反地;B.consequently结果是;C.similarly相似地;D.simultaneously同时。空格前后语句构成因果关系。更多的家庭只有父亲或者母亲在家,或者父母都在外工作。因此孩子在家里面可能很少有人监督。故选B。 15.C。名词辨析。A. education教育;B. concept 概念;C. structure结构;D. economy经济;第三段首句Changesinthesocialstructure…指出社会结构的变化影响青少年犯罪。因此structure"结构"为正确选项。system"系统",concept"概念",heritage"遗传"都不合文义。故选C。 16.B名词辨析。A.suggestions建议;B.causes导致;C.ideas想法;D.reports报告。其他的能够发现的导致犯罪行为的原因包括上学受挫和失败。故选B。 17.C形容词辨析。A. smooth平坦的;B. favorable有利于;C. unfavorable 不利的;D. practical实用的。根据句意可知其他的能够发现的有利于犯罪行为的原因包括上学受挫和失败,故选C。 18.A形容词。A.increasing增长的;B.restricted限制的;C.reasonable合理的;D.popular受欢迎的。根据语境可知毒品和酒类产品的存在不断地增加。故选A。 19.D名词辨析。A.knowledge知识;B.aspect方面;C.strength力气;D.probability可能性。根据情理可知所有这一切都会增加儿童犯罪的可能性,虽然其中的直接因果关系还不确定。故选D。 20.B连词辨析。A. since 自从;B. although虽然;C. as 随着;D. because 因为;根据上下文可知虽然其中的直接因果关系还不确定,故选B。
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