Question

短文改错

假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的一篇作文。文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加上一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该次下面写上修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。

Onmy first day in the capital, I visited the Old Tower which stands on a hill near the city centre. There was stairs leading to the top, so I decided to take the lift. At the top there was a big balcony there visitors could stand and enjoying the view. It was magnificent – you could see whole city, the river and the hills beyond. In my way back from the Tower, I went past the mainly square in the city centre. I stopped at a stall to have some more orange juice, sat there and watched the traffic for a while. The square was very busy, with cars, buses, bicycles and pedestrians gone in all directions. In the centre of the square there was a policeman controlling the traffic.

Answer

1.stands改为stood

2.was改为were

3.so改为but

4.there改为where

5.enjoying改为enjoy

6.see后加the

7.in改为on

8.mainly改为main

9.删除more

10.gone改为going

【解析】

试题分析：

1.stands改为stood 考查时态。根据第一段可知本文叙述我在首都第一天的生活，所以使用一般过去式。

2.2】was改为were 考查主谓一致。本句是There be句型，该句型遵循就近一致原则，本句要和名词stairs保持一致，所以使用复数形式。

3.3】so改为but 考查连词。句意：有通向顶部的楼梯，但是我决定乘坐电梯。根据句意可知表示转折关系，所以使用连词but表示转折。

4.4】there改为where 考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是balcony，后面的定语从句结构很完整，所以使用关系副词where引导整个定语从句。

5.5】enjoying改为enjoy 考查动词。本句中动词stand和enjoy是并列结构，都跟在情态动词could的后面构成并列结构。

6.6】see后加the 考查冠词。在形容词短语whole city前面加定冠词the表示特指“整个城市”。

7.7】in改为on 考查固定搭配。短语on one's way back...在回....的路上。所以应该使用介词on而不是in。

8.8】mainly改为main 考查形容词。在英语中通常使用形容词充当定语修饰名词，副词通常在句中作状语，修饰形容词副词等。本句中使用形容词main修饰名词square。

9.9】删除more 考查句意。句意：我在一个摊位前面停了下来，喝了点橙汁。根据句意可知并没有“再、又”的含义。所以删除more。

10.0】gone改为going 考查非谓语动词。本句中动词go与前面的名词cars, buses, bicycles and pedestrians构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词短语做宾语补足语。

【名师点睛】

在非谓语动词中，现在分词的用法很重要。现将现在分词的用法简单归纳如下：

（一）作定语

1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：

The sleeping boy is Tom.

2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ：

Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.

3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如：

Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.

4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如：

This is an English-speaking country.

（二）作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如：

The story is moving.

（三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如：

We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)

I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)

（四）作状语

现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。

1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如：

Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.

2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如：

Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.

如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如：

While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.

3. 作条件状语。

V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：

Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.

4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如：

Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.

5. 作结果状语。例如：

He died, leaving nothing but debts.

6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如：

He sat by the roadside, begging.

（五） 现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 ：

Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.

（六） 现在分词的被动式

当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如：

The factory being built now is a big one.

（七） 现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如：

Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.

考点：考查短文改错