Simon Sinek is naturally shy and doesn’t like speaking to crowds．At parties，he says he hides alone in the corner or doesn’t even show up in the first place．He prefers the latter．Yet，with some 22 million video views under his belt，the optimistic ethnographer also happens to be the third most watched TED Talks presenter of all time．
Sinek’s unlikely success as both an inspirational speaker and a bestselling author isn’t just dumb luck．It’s the result of fears faced and erased，trial and error and tireless practice，on and off stage．Here are his secrets for delivering speeches that inspire，inform and entertain．
Don’t talk right away．
Sinek says you should never talk as you walk out on stage．“A lot of people start talking right away，and it’s out of nerves,” Sinek says．“That communicates a little bit of insecurity and fear．”
Instead，quietly walk out on stage．Then take a deep breath，find your place，wait a few seconds and begin．“I know it sounds long and tedious and it feels excruciatingly awkward when you do it,” Sinek says，“but it shows the audience you’re totally confident and in charge of the situation．”
Show up to give，not to take．
Often people give presentations to sell products or ideas，to get people to follow them on social media，buy their books or even just to like them．Sinek calls these kinds of speakers “takers,” and he says audiences can see through these people right away．And，when they do，they disengage．
“We are highly social animals,” says Sinek．“Even at a distance on stage，we can tell if you’re a giver or a taker，and people are more likely to trust a giver — a speaker that gives them value，that teaches them something new，that inspires them — than a taker．”
Speak unusually slowly．
When you get nervous，it’s not just your heart beat that quickens．Your words also tend to speed up．Luckily Sinek says audiences are more patient and forgiving than we know．
“They want you to succeed up there，but the more you rush，the more you turn them off,” he says．“If you just go quiet for a moment and take a long，deep breath，they’ll wait for you．It’s kind of amazing．”
Turn nervousness into excitement．
Sinek learned this trick from watching the Olympics．A few years ago he noticed that reporters interviewing Olympic athletes before and after competing were all asking the same question．“Were you nervous？” And all of the athletes gave the same answer: “No，I was exciteD． ” These competitors were taking the body’s signs of nervousness—clammy hands，pounding heart and tense nerves—and reinterpreting them as side effects of excitement and exhilaration．
When you’re up on stage you will likely go through the same thing．That’s when Sinek says you should say to yourself out loud，“I’m not nervous，I’m excited！”
Say thank you when you’re done．
Applause is a gift，and when you receive a gift，it’s only right to express how grateful you are for it．This is why Sinek always closes out his presentations with these two simple yet powerful words: thank you．
“They gave you their time，and they’re giving you their applause．” Says Sinek．“That’s a gift，and you have to be grateful．”
Passage outline | Supporting details |
1.to Simon Sinek | He is by 2.shy and dislikes making speeches in public. Through his 3.effort, he enjoys great success in giving speeches |
Tips on delivering speeches | Avoid talking 4.for it indicates you’re nervous. Keep calm and wait a few seconds before talking, which will create an 5.that you are confident. |
Try to be a giver rather than a taker because in 6.with a taker, a giver can get more popular and accepted. Teach audience something new that they can 7.from. | |
Speak a bit slowly just to help you stay calm Never speed up while speaking in case you 8.the audience. | |
Switch nervousness to excitement by 9.the example of Olympic athletes. | |
Express your 10.to the audience for their time and applause to conclude your speech. |
Mum，it’s me．Hopefully，this Mothering Sunday you will get to hear those three words．I will，of course，try to phone you．I hope we will be able to speak for the allowed 10 minutes．But I suspect many inmates will be using the phone，so if I don’t call and if we don’t speak，then this is what I would have said：
It’s not your fault that I am here．I know that deep in your heart you have questioned whether my current circumstance is somehow your fault，if the reckless stupidity of my past is somehow a failure on your part．It is not．Only one person is to blame，only one person should hurt — me．You have always taught me that when the room goes dark，you can wait for the lights to be switched back on or you can search in the dark and turn the light on yourself．You are my light．You always have been and always will be．There is nobody I admire more，nobody I have strived harder to please in my life，which is why my current failure hurts me so much．
I am so sorry that I will not be there to see you，but I want you to know that now，as always，you are here with me．In my darkest hours，and in the coldest loneliness of my past few months，my mind has so often wandered to the past，to when it was you and me — and I have been able to smile．Yours is the strength that I draw upon．
A parent’s job is to make sure that they pass on the best of themselves to their children．You have done that．It is the inner you in me that will get me through this．
I have failed you so epically，but you have never failed me．If I think back to the tears I shed when Dad left，all those years ago，I see you through their misty glaze．You holding me and you telling me we’d be OK，and we will be．We are and always will be the best team．
Childhood heroes such as footballers，actors and rock stars are clichéd． If the job’s done right，a child’s heroes should be their parents — you are mine．The strength you showed after the divorce from Dad to find your biological parents，to go to university and get your teaching qualifications，to begin your life again，is the strength that I draw on now．It is the belief in myself，it is the belief you have in me，that tells me that once I am released I can and will rebuild my life．I will make you proud again．I will make you happy to have me as your son．Yours is the will that gets me through every day．
I don’t believe you can judge a person for the mistakes they make，as we all make them，but you can judge them for what they do afterwards．And after this，when it is all over，you will still have a son with the same hopes and dreams．They have not diminished． If you can dream it，then you have to believe it can happen — right？
So this Mothering Sunday，please think back to that morning in the 80s，the first Mother’s Day without Dad，when a six year old me got up early and made breakfast for you．Do you remember it？Could you ever forget？A slice of bread a doorstep thick and a wedge of cheese equally dense．You didn’t have to eat it，but you did，chewing every dry mouthful．I know now why you forced yourself — because it had been made with love．Well，things don’t change this year — this letter is that bread and cheese (it sure has plenty of the cheese！)．
I love you so much．I am sorry I have let you down，but you have taught me that we will always pick ourselves up and become better than we were before．Thank you for everything and this year，more than ever：
Happy Mothering Sunday．
Love，your son
1.According to the passage，what made the author most upset at present？
A． Losing his freedom temporarily．
B． Being unable to phone his mother．
C． Failing to live up to his mother’s expectations．
D． Having no chance to spend the weekend with mother．
2.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A． Mothering Sunday
B． Dark time
C． His mistake
D． Near future
3.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
What did the author do in the loneliness of his past months？
A． He summed up the causes of the failure in his life．
B． He planned to help his mother find her birth parents．
C． He recalled the fond memories of being with his mother．
D． He prepared himself to go to university for further studies．
4.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “clichéd” in Paragraph 6？
A． Ridiculous
B． Liberal
C． Explicit
D． Common
5.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
Which of the following can best describe the author’s mother？
A． Selfless but stubborn
B． Guilty but determined
C． Selfish but responsible
D． Caring but envious
Exercise seems to be good for the human brain，with many recent studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills．But an interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are real or just a placebo effect — that is，if we think we will be “smarter” after exercise，do our brains respond accordingly？The answer has significant implications for any of us hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives．
While many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits，recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect．So researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign decided to focus on expectations，on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking．If people’s expectations jibe (吻合) closely with the actual benefits，then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise．
For the new study，which was published last month in PLOS One，the researchers recruited 171 people through an online survey system，they asked half of these volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens (拉伸运动) performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking．The other volunteers were asked the same questions，but about a regular walking program．
In actual experiments，stretching and toning program generally have little if any impact on people’s cognitive skills．Walking，on the other hand，seems to substantially improve thinking ability．
But the survey respondents believed the opposite，estimating that the stretching and toning program would be more beneficial for the mind than walking．The estimates of benefits from walking were lower．
These data，while they do not involve any actual exercise，are good news for people who do exercise．“The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect,” said Cary Stothart，a graduate student in cognitive psychology at Florida State University，who led the study．
If expectations had been driving the improvements in cognition seen in studies after exercise，Mr．Stothart said，then people should have expected walking to be more beneficial for thinking than stretching．They didn’t，implying that the changes in the brain and thinking after exercise are physiologically genuine．
The findings are strong enough to suggest that exercise really does change the brain and may，in the process，improve thinking，Mr．Stothart said． That conclusion should encourage scientists to look even more closely into how，at a molecular level，exercise remodels the human brain，he said． It also should encourage the rest of us to move，since the benefits are，it seems，not imaginary，even if they are in our head．
1.Which of the following about the placebo effect is TRUE according to the passage？
A． It occurs during exercise．
B． It has cognitive benefits．
C． It is just a mental reaction．
D． It is a physiological response．
2.Why did the researchers at the two universities conduct the research？
A． To discover the placebo effect in the exercise．
B． To prove the previous studies have a big drawback．
C． To test whether exercise can really improve cognition．
D． To encourage more scientists to get involved in the research．
3.What can we know about the research Cary Stothart and his team carried out？
A． They employed 171 people to take part in the actual exercise．
B． The result of the research removed the recent doubt of some scientists．
C． The participants thought walking had a greater impact on thinking ability．
D． Their conclusion drives scientists to do research on the placebo effect．
4.What might be the best title for the passage？
A． Is it necessary for us to take exercise？
B． How should people exercise properly？
C． What makes us smarter during exercise？
D． Does exercise really make us smarter？
According to figures released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS)，the U．K．has about 7．7 million families with dependent children，of which 3．7 million have just one child，compared to 3 million with two and 1．1 million with three children or more．The number of families today with just one dependent child is now 47 percent and will likely rise to more than 50 percent in a decade．As the ONS confirms，“It appears that families are getting smaller．”
One obvious reason for this could be that women are putting off having children until they have established careers when they are bound to be less fertile．But it could just as well be a matter of choice．Parents must consider the rising cost of living，combined with economic uncertainty and an increasingly difficult job market．And this trend may continue growing as having an only child becomes more normal，which seems to be the mood on the mothers’ online forum Mumsnet，where one member announced that she “just wanted to start a positive thread about how fab it is to have an only child”．
She had received 231 replies，overwhelmingly in the same upbeat spirit．Parents of only children insist there are plenty of benefits．Nicola Kelly，a writer and lecturer who grew up as an only child and is now a married mother of one，says her 15 year old son seems more grown up in many ways than his contemporaries．
Not all products of single child families are as keen to repeat the experience．In a moving recent account journalist Janice Turner wrote about her own keenness to “squeeze out two sons just 22 months apart”as a reaction to her only child upbringing．
She was placed on a pedestal by her doting parents，whom she punished with a “brattish，wilful” rejection of everything they stood for．Desperate for a close friend she was repeatedly shattered by rejection and refers to her childhood as being “misery”．
Writer and clinician Dr．Dorothy Rowe，a member of the British Psychological Society，says that we all interpret events in our own individual way and there are some children who no matter what their circumstances feel slighted，while other children see the advantages of their situation．
However，the one part of life that is unlikely to get any easier for only children is when they grow up and find themselves looking after their own parents as they become older．
1.The passage is written with the purpose of ________．
A． illustrating the strength and weakness of having an only child
B． analyzing the reasons why having an only child becomes popular
C． presenting us with different opinions about having an only child
D． guiding people to look at the same issue from different perspectives
2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean？
A． Nearly half of families intend to have just one child．
B． All people don’t stand for the idea of having an only child．
C． Some people fail to recognize the advantage of having an only child．
D． People brought up in an only child family resist downsizing the family．
3.From what Dr．Dorothy Rowe said，we know that ________．
A． journalist Janice Turner experienced a miserable childhood
B． she has a positive attitude towards Janice Turner’s reaction
C． it’s necessary for us to look at the event from our own angle
D． some are unable to make an objective assessment of their conditions
4.What can be inferred from the passage？
A． It’s normal to see the imperfection in character in only children．
B． Mumsnet is an online forum which promotes having an only child．
C． Economic development plays a determining role in the family size．
D． Only children will have difficulty in attending to their parents．
阅读理解
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A． The voyage through the wormhole is a considerable challenge．
B． A team of crime fighters uncovers a criminal plot in Big Hero．
C． President Coin pushes Katniss to protest Peeta．
D． Penguins have to wrestle with problems in District 13．
2.The similarity that exists in the four films is that ________．
A． each of them is a branch of film series
B． all of them are concerned with positive energy
C． they all have the best actors and actresses in the world
D． the four films all have something to do with exploration
完形填空
Everyone enjoys a fitting reply; it is wonderful to say the right thing at the right time！
When I was a senior in high school，I________ knew I wanted to pursue writing as a career．
Writing had basically________ me when I was only 7 years old，________since that time，I’d been bombarded by guidance counselors and career planners who all_______ me to have “a back up plan” in case writing didn’t work out．
I’d never even________ a different career path，so I was very________ and worried． After much thought，I decided________ would be my “back up plan,” and I signed up for a class through my high school．
This_______ that every morning，I would serve as a teacher’s helper for my favorite 6th grade teacher，Mr．Ralston．Morning after morning，I showed up in Mr．Ralston’s classroom and________ papers for him．
Sometimes，I even_______ a lesson or two．It was fun，and the students seemed to like me，so I was surprised when it came time for my________．Mr．Ralston looked me right in the eyes and asked，“Do you really want to teach？”
“Had I really been that________？” I thought．
“Don’t misunderstand． You’ll do fine in teaching,” he continued． “But，is your________ really in it？”
“Not really,” I________．“I want to write．I want to write news stories and fiction and poetry and so much more…but I’ve been told it’s tough to make it as a writer________ I thought maybe I would teach and then use my summers_______ to pursue writing．”
As I shared with Mr．Ralston my hopes，dreams and carefully plotted out back up plan，he smiled and said，“Why are you preparing to________ with this back up plan？If you want to be a writer，go for it！Pursue writing！”
Mr．Ralston’s________ to follow my dreams was the little nudge I needed to help me push past my________ of not making it as a writer and simply “Go for it！”
That’s what an encouraging word will do when spoken in love in________ season．So，let’s try and be like Mr．Ralston and speak that word of encouragement at just the right time and make a difference in someone’s life today．
1.A． even B． never C． already D． also
2.A． reminded B． entertained C． accompanied D． chosen
3.A． or B． and C． for D． but
4.A． urged B． forced C． taught D． persuaded
5.A． created B． taken C． considered D． examined
6.A． embarrassed B． confused C． annoyed D． frightened
7.A． writing B． teaching C． studying D． compiling
8.A． meant B． indicated C． suggested D． revealed
9.A． read B． set C． graded D． composed
10.A． reviewed B． skipped C． took D． presented
11.A． application B． evaluation C． instruction D． qualification
12.A． transparent B． shallow C． superior D． ambitious
13.A． eye B． mind C． heart D． focus
14.A． interrupted B． joked C． admitted D． apologized
15.A． unless B． if C． because D． so
16.A． up B． apart C． along D． off
17.A． fail B． follow C． depart D． compete
18.A． encouragement B． determination C． tendency D． attempt
19.A． dreams B． fears C． regrets D． mistakes
20.A． peak B． low C． due D． New
